Advances in Pesticide Environmental Fate and Exposure Assessments

Abstract

Globalization of markets and the growing world population increase threats of invasive and exotic species and place greater demands on food and fiber production. Pest management in both agricultural and nonagricultural settings employs established practices and new biological, chemical, and management technologies. Pesticides are an essential tool in integrated pest management. Without pesticides a significant percentage of food and fiber crops would be lost, infectious diseases would increase, and valuable native habitats would be devastated. Therefore, it is important to understand the environmental fate of pesticides and assess their potential exposure and associated risks to human health and the environment. This paper summarizes the Advances in Pesticide Environmental Fate and Exposure Assessment symposium held at the 231st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (Atlanta, GA, 2006). The focus of the symposium was to provide current information on advances in pesticide environmental fate and exposure assessments. Thirty papers were presented on advances ranging from subcellular processes to watershed-scale studies on topics including chemical degradation, sorption, and transport; improved methodologies; use of modeling and predictive tools; exposure assessment; and treatment and remediation. This information is necessary to develop more effective pesticide use and management practices, to better understand pesticide fate and associated exposures and risks, to develop mitigation and remediation strategies, and to establish sound science-based regulations.

Vitamin C Alleviates Chronic Chlorpyrifos Induced Alterations in Serum Lipids and Oxidative Parameters in Male Wistar Rats

“…Furthermore, vitamin C has been shown to increase the activity of Paraoxonase I (PON I) (Jarvik et al, 2002), an arylesterase, synthesized primarily n the liver and is secreted into the plasma, where it is exclusively bound to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles containing apoA-I and apoA-j (Kujiraoka et al, 2006), which may have contributed to its antiatherogenic effect. Besides detoxificating OPs, PON1 displays at least two other very important functions including the prevention of unsaturated lipid oxidation and decomposition of lipid peroxidation products of oxidized LDL and HDL in the plasma (Mackness et al, 1998;Shih et al, 1998;Sozmen et al, 2002;Rice et al, 2007). PON1 may also confer protection against damages of vessel wall by antioxidation and destroying oxidative productions.…”

Challenges and Research Needs for Risk Assessment of Pesticides for Registration in Africa

“…In addition, models such as Screening Concentration In GROund Water (SCI-GROW), the Pesticide Leaching U.S. (PLUS) and PRZM-Exposure Analysis Modelling System (EXAMS) model are used for estimating groundwater concentrations and for registration of agrochemicals (Rice et al 2007).…”

Effect of synthetic clay and biochar addition on dissipation and enantioselectivity of tebuconazole and metalaxyl in an agricultural soil: Laboratory and field experiments

“…It is undeniable that the contribution of pesticides has increased the agricultural production over the past decades, but along with its advantages, there are environmental problems associated with pesticide use (Lefebvre et al, 2015;Pimentel et al, 2005;Waterfield and Zilberman, 2012). These problems are often a consequence of the movement of these chemicals to unwanted zones, which represents a potential risk for non-target organisms including human beings (Rice et al, 2007). In this regard, a number of recent monitoring studies have shown the presence of pesticides in soil, sediments, and surface and ground waters.…”