Advances in pathogenesis and treatment of essential hypertension

Ma, Jun; Chen, Xiaoping

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003852

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Concurring with aging, arterial stiffness is a type of inflammatory lesion of the artery, which can make the arterial wall thick, and make the lumen narrow ( 35 ). The most important causes of arterial stiffness are high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes

Chu

Kong

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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AimsWe aim to examine the association of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.MethodsAll of adult participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) were enrolled. ePWV was calculated according to the previously published equation based on age and mean blood pressure. The mortality information was obtained from the National Death Index database. Weighted Kaplan-Meier (KM) plot and weighted multivariable Cox regression was used to investigate the association of ePWV with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. Restricted cubic spline was adopted to visualize the relationship between ePWV and mortality risks.Results8,916 participants with diabetes were included in this study and the median follow-up duration was ten years. The mean age of study population was 59.0 ± 11.6 years, 51.3% of the participants were male, representing 27.4 million patients with diabetes in weighted analysis. The increment of ePWV was closely associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.42–1.51) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for cofounding factors, for every 1 m/s increase in ePWV, there was a 43% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.38–1.47) and 58% increased of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.50–1.68). ePWV had positive linear associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. KM plots also showed that the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were significantly elevated in patients with higher ePWV.ConclusionsePWV had a close association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks in patients with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes

Chu

Kong

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Elevated SBP is a major risk factor of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents 19 ; its pathophysiology is mainly related to decreased vascular elasticity and compliance due to atherosclerosis and, secondarily, to water‐sodium retention. 20 , 21 There is evidence that the stimulation of acupoints can reduce vascular inflammation by repairing vascular endothelial cells and water‐sodium retention by improving renal hemodynamics 22 , 23 ; therefore, we expected that moxibustion would have an SBP‐lowering effect and selected SBP as the primary outcome. The effect direction of moxibustion on SBP in our RCT is consistent with the previous systematic review, 15 with a greater mean reduction in SBP in this study (−10.57 mmHg) than in the systematic review (−7.85 mmHg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of community‐based moxibustion for primary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial with patient preference arms

Zhou,

Xue,

You

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Moxibustion has been shown to have a potential antihypertensive effect, but its applicability for the primary care of hypertension is unclear. The authors conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with patient preference arms to investigate the effect, safety, cost‐effectiveness, and compliance of moxibustion in community patients with hypertension. Patients with primary hypertension were enrolled from seven communities randomly or nonrandomly assigned to receive self‐administered moxibustion + the original hypertensive regimen or the original hypertensive regimen alone for 6 months. The authors mainly evaluated the effects of moxibustion on hypertensive outcomes and adverse events. As a result, a total of 160 and 240 patients were recruited into the randomized and nonrandomized arms, respectively, with 87.5% completing the follow‐up. At month 6, there was a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (difference: −10.57 mmHg), a higher proportion of responders (82.2% vs. 53.7%; odds ratio 4.00), and better improvements in hypertensive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in the moxibustion group than in the control group in the randomized population, but there was no significant between‐group difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The nonrandomized findings showed the same effect direction for all outcomes, except for DBP. All moxibustion‐related adverse events were mild. In conclusion, moxibustion can reduce SBP and improve hypertensive symptoms and QoL in community patients with hypertension, with good safety and low cost, although its effect on DBP remains uncertain. The findings suggest that moxibustion may be an appropriate technique for community primary care of hypertension.

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“…Essential hypertension, a predominant contributor to global morbidity and mortality (7), has witnessed an incremental prevalence in adults, surpassing 30 % post-2010 (8). Effective interventions are urgently needed in low-income countries due to their anticipated heavy burden of hypertension on healthcare systems (9), and essential hypertension is responsible for more than 90% of all reported cases of high blood pressure (10). Recognized established risk factors for hypertension include a diet that is high in sodium but low in potassium (11), lack of physical activity (12), and obesity (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The causal effect of air pollution on the risk of essential hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study

Xia,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAir pollution poses a major threat to human health by causing various illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases. While plenty of research indicates a correlation between air pollution and hypertension, a definitive answer has yet to be found.MethodsOur analyses were performed using the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of exposure to air pollutants from UKB (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOX; n = 423,796 to 456,380), essential hypertension from FinnGen (42,857 cases and 162,837 controls) and from UKB (54,358 cases and 408,652 controls) as a validated cohort. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted to investigate the causal relationship between air pollutants and essential hypertension. Body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake frequency, and the number of cigarettes previously smoked daily were included in multivariable MRs (MVMRs) as potential mediators/confounders.ResultsOur findings suggested that higher levels of both PM2.5 (OR [95%CI] per 1 SD increase in predicted exposure = 1.24 [1.02–1.53], p = 3.46E-02 from Finn; OR [95%CI] = 1.04 [1.02–1.06], p = 7.58E-05 from UKB) and PM10 (OR [95%CI] = 1.24 [1.02–1.53], p = 3.46E-02 from Finn; OR [95%CI] = 1.04 [1.02–1.06], p = 7.58E-05 from UKB) were linked to an increased risk for essential hypertension. Even though we used MVMR to adjust for the impacts of smoking and drinking on the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and essential hypertension risks, our findings suggested that although there was a direct positive connection between them, it is not present after adjusting BMI (OR [95%CI] = 1.05 [0.87–1.27], p = 6.17E-01). Based on the study, higher exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 increases the chances of developing essential hypertension, and this influence could occur through mediation by BMI.ConclusionExposure to both PM2.5 and PM10 is thought to have a causal relationship with essential hypertension. Those impacted by substantial levels of air pollution require more significant consideration for their cardiovascular health.

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Advances in pathogenesis and treatment of essential hypertension

Cited by 9 publications

References 126 publications

Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes

Estimated pulse wave velocity is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes

Efficacy and safety of community‐based moxibustion for primary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial with patient preference arms

The causal effect of air pollution on the risk of essential hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study

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