Advances in PAHs/nitro-PAHs fractioning

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop an efficient methodology for the reliable fractioning of nitratedpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Unlike what usually occurs under pressures developed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) systems (above 11 bar) we observed that when normal phase chromatographic fractioning procedures are accomplished under very low pressures (about 1 bar), dipole molecules (nitro-PAHs) elute much faster than non-polar organic molecules (PAHs). This finding allowed developing an original and very efficient methodology for fractioning nitro-PAHs and PAHs. This method is based on normal-phase liquid chromatography through a home-made phenyl column by using hexane as mobile phase at very low speed flow (0.05 ml min À1). Unlike typical HPLC methodology, the fractioning of nitro-PAHs and PAHs was accomplished as a function of their polarity (first the polar compounds as a unique peak and further, the non-polar compounds, PAHs) rather than as a function of their medium polarizability.

Polar Aromatic Compounds in Soot from Premixed Flames of Kerosene, Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene, and Kerosene–Synthetic Biofuels

“…N-aromatic compounds (N-AHs) are generated from e.g., coal gasification, shale oil extraction 48,60 . 26 compounds belonging to this group were identified in the analyzed soot samples.…”

Comparison of multiple linear regression, partial least squares and artificial neural network for quantitative structure retention relationships of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the environmental pollutants. [1][2][3] Due to human activities such as oil spills, burning fossil fuels, domestic wastes, transport emissions, incinerators and cigarette smoke the PAHs introduced in water, soils, sediment and etc. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Gas chromatography (GC) is the most important technique for analysis of low level PAHs in environmental samples.…”

“…[1][2][3] Due to human activities such as oil spills, burning fossil fuels, domestic wastes, transport emissions, incinerators and cigarette smoke the PAHs introduced in water, soils, sediment and etc. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Gas chromatography (GC) is the most important technique for analysis of low level PAHs in environmental samples. Although PAHs structure seems rather homogeneous (planar or quasi-planar molecules), the variety in the number and position of fused benzene rings and also the presence or absence of cyclopentane rings, alkyl substituents and keto groups gives rise to thousands of different PAHs with various biological activities; many of them can be identified in environment samples.…”

Air Quality Monitoring, Assessment and Management

“…PAHs are complex organic molecules, whose structure, in addition to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, contains at least two benzene rings (Karavalakis et al, 2010). Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also present in diesel-vehicle emissions, and they differ from PAHs due to the presence of at least one group -NO 2 in an aromatic ring (Andrade-Eiroa et al, 2010). These compounds are widely distributed in the atmosphere and are well know as mutagenic and carcinogenic agents (Karavalakis et al, 2010;Andrade-Eiroa et al, 2010).…”

“…Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also present in diesel-vehicle emissions, and they differ from PAHs due to the presence of at least one group -NO 2 in an aromatic ring (Andrade-Eiroa et al, 2010). These compounds are widely distributed in the atmosphere and are well know as mutagenic and carcinogenic agents (Karavalakis et al, 2010;Andrade-Eiroa et al, 2010). Type and concentration of PAHs and NPAHs emitted depend on the type of fuel used and on the operating conditions of the combustion process .…”