Advances in our understanding of diabetic retinopathy

Stitt, Alan W.; Lois, Noemi; Medina, Reinhold J.; Adamson, Peter; Curtis, Tim M.

doi:10.1042/cs20120588

Cited by 150 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…92 DR is a frequent pathology as a result of microvascular complications of DM that affect the retinal structure. 93 The risk factors for DR include neovascularization, vitreous haemorrhage, loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and macular oedema. 94 Retinal neovascularization in DR generally tends to be more fragile and leaky, which leads to vitreous haemorrhage that ultimately leads to vision loss.…”

Section: Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

Chhetri

Jacobson

Gueven

2014

Eye

135

114

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Millions of people are affected by visual impairment and blindness globally, and the prevalence of vision loss is likely to increase as we are living longer. However, many ocular diseases remain poorly controlled due to lack of proper understanding of the pathogenesis and the corresponding lack of effective therapies. Consequently, there is a major need for animal models that closely mirror the human eye pathology and at the same time allow higher-throughput drug screening approaches. In this context, zebrafish as an animal model organism not only address these needs but can in many respects reflect the human situation better than the current rodent models. Over the past decade, zebrafish have become an established model to study a variety of human diseases and are more recently becoming a valuable tool for the study of human ophthalmological disorders. Many human ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration have already been modelled in zebrafish. In addition, zebrafish have become an attractive model for pre-clinical drug toxicity testing and are now increasingly used by scientists worldwide for the discovery of novel treatment approaches. This review presents the advantages and uses of zebrafish for ophthalmological research.

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Section: Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

Chhetri

Jacobson

Gueven

2014

Eye

135

114

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“…Furthermore, the information about duration of diabetes was missing for some of the patients. Possibly, diabetes duration may be more closely related to retinopathy and microalbuminuria [10,19,24] than to other complications [10,20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypoxia has been supposed to cause the breakdown of the blood-retinal-barrier (BRB), edema, and a proliferative phase of retinopathy. Recent research suggests that ischemia in the tissues as well as biochemical and metabolic alterations within endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells are coupled with an impaired ability of the cells to perform self-repair, which may cause degenerative changes and/or apoptosis [24]. Retinal neuron and glia dysfunction are compromised before overt vessel changes are present, both in clinically situations and in experimentally induced diabetes in rodents [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research suggests that ischemia in the tissues as well as biochemical and metabolic alterations within endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells are coupled with an impaired ability of the cells to perform self-repair, which may cause degenerative changes and/or apoptosis [24]. Retinal neuron and glia dysfunction are compromised before overt vessel changes are present, both in clinically situations and in experimentally induced diabetes in rodents [24]. Similarly, biochemical and metabolic processes may take place in enteric neurons and enteric glia cells, in addition to ischemia caused by angiopathy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microangiopathy is Common in Submucosal Vessels of the Colon in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Sasor¹,

Ohlsson²

2014

Rev Diabet Stud

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■ Abstract OBJECTIVES:The pathophysiology behind gastrointestinal dysmotility in diabetes mellitus is unknown. Both esophageal dysmotility and gastroparesis have been shown to be associated with retinopathy, suggesting that microangiopathy is important in the common etiology. The aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with diabetes exhibit microangiopathy in the colon, and if present, to correlate microangiopathy with the clinical picture. METHODS: Consecutive patients subjected to colon surgery were identified in the southernmost districts of Skåne between January 2011 and May 2013. Medical records were scrutinized, and patients with a history of diabetes were noted. Gender, age, type of diabetes, treatment, complications, and other concomitant diseases were registered. Histopathologic reevaluation of surgical biopsies with morphometric analyses of submucosal vessels in the colon was performed. Morphometric examination and clinical data were compared with non-diabetic patients. RESULTS: Of 1135 identified patients during the time period studied, 95 patients with diabetes were recognized and included. Fifty-three non-diabetic, randomly chosen patients served as controls. The mean age was 71.8 ± 10.2 and 71.4 ± 9.5 years in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively. Microangiopathy was found in 68.4% of diabetic patients and in 7.5% of non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001). The wall-to-lumen ratio was 0.31 (0.23-0.46) in patients with diabetes compared with 0.16 (0.12-0.21) in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001). No clinical association with microangiopathy could be verified. CONCLU-SION: Microangiopathy in the colon is more common in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. The clinical significance of microangopathy has yet to be clarified.

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“…Risk factors that contribute to the progression of DME include increasing levels of hyperglycemia, diabetes duration, severity of diabetic retinopathy at baseline, diastolic blood pressure and the presence of gross proteinuria (11) .…”

Section: Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (Pdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Aflibercept and Ranibizumab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A comparative Study

Eid

Hamed²,

Hudieb³

2018

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Diabetic macular edema is one of the most significant causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in patients with diabetes, which can result in reduced quality of life. Three commonly used intravitreous VEGF inhibitors aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumab have been shown to be beneficial and relatively safe for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, but only aflibercept and ranibizumab are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this indication. Aim of the Work: To compare between the effect of ranibizumab and aflibercept in patients with diabetic macular edema as a diabetic retinopathy complication that leads to visual impairment. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of 20 patients (20 eyes) was conducted in Al-Mouneer diabetic eye center with three times injection one month apart. The patients were divided into two groups, Group A was consisted of 10 patients who received ranibizumab as 0.5 mg (0.05ml of 10mg/ml solution) an intra vitreal injection. Group B was consisted of 10 patients who received aflibercept 2 mg (0.05mL of 40mg/ml solution) as an intra vitreal injection with follow up for three months. Results: A statistically significant difference over the time through BCVA and central macular thickness with ranibizumab. There was also a statistically significant difference over the time through BCVA, central macular thickness and IOP with aflibercept. Conclusion: There was more improvement in BCVA which was significant and more reduction in central macular thickness with ranibizumab than with aflibercept. Recommendations: Larger group studies to confirm our results; longer term study for the effect of ranibizumab and aflibercept injection on the central macular thickness and IOP and comparing the effect of single injection versus multiple injections. Searching for the causes of resistance or delayed response to the intravitreal injections in some patients.

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Advances in our understanding of diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 150 publications

References 190 publications

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

Microangiopathy is Common in Submucosal Vessels of the Colon in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

The Effect of Aflibercept and Ranibizumab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A comparative Study

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