Advances in Otorhinolaryngological Community Services: The HearWHO App in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: 
 Current research recorded hearing loss in 8.5million Nigerians. Hearing loss can be prevented and treated. Most individuals in the communities are unaware. Available hearing screening instruments are not readily accessible in communities. Regular screening is the key. Hence, the introduction of the HearWHO App in the communities, a mobile hearing screener.
 
 AIM: - To detect hearing loss and otological disorders
 - To validate the HearWHO App in the communities
 - To launch the HearWHO App in the communities
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commenced after obtaining due ethical clearance, informed consent and permissions. A 3 year duration study (March 2020 to March 2022). Study centres were 4 motor parks in Benin City Edo State (Muyi line, Faith motors, Iyare motors and Magorawa terminal) and 2 hospitals in Ondo City, Ondo state (General Hospital and Trauma Centre of the UNIMEDTH complexes). Ambient noise was recorded. Total population sampling technique was used. Health education was given. Using the HearWHO App in mobile smartphone connected to ear piece, each participant’s ears were tested. Each ear was regarded as a separate entity. Otoscopy was done. Findings of hearWHO App were compared with Otoscopic findings. Data realized were documented and analyzed with SPSS -23. P value < 0.05 was regarded statistically significant.
 
 RESULTS: 175 individuals participated, giving 350 ears examined. There were abnormal HearWHO findings in 77.4% ears compared to abnormal Otological findings in 65.0% ears. Predominant otological disorder was Eustachian Tube Dysfunction. Association of HearWHO finding with location was statistically significant (P=0.014).
 
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:
 Hearing loss and otological disorders were detected. There was agreement between HearWHO normal findings and normal otological findings.
 Based on challenges encountered, there is need to develop additional Apps or modify the HearWHO App to ensure Sustainable Developmental Goal -3 (SDG -3).
 Thus, creating a better future today making impact with mobile technology.