Advances in organic semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Guo, Yan; Zhou, Qing; Tang, Chuyang Y.; Zhu, Yongfa

doi:10.1039/d3ey00047h

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…However, the high crystallinity leads to a generally large particle size, which can affect the photocatalytic performance to a certain extent. [ 14,26 ] In addition, molecular materials may be attacked by active species, leading to the decomposition of supramolecular interactions and their own structure. Therefore, long‐time testing of photocatalytic activity is an effective method to demonstrate stability.…”

Section: Intermolecular D‐a Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic semiconductors are mainly characterized by monocyclic or polycyclic closed systems of aromatic structure, with highly delocalized π‐electrons, low system energies, and greater stability. [ 26 ] Organic semiconductors have garnered significant attention and research interest as a parallel alternative due to their unique properties. Comprising earth‐abundant elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, at an affordable cost of preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Donor‐Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis

Wang,

Zhu

2023

Advanced Science

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Organic semiconductor materials are considered to be promising photocatalysts due to their excellent light absorption by chromophores, easy molecular structure tuning, and solution‐processable properties. In particular, donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type organic photocatalytic materials synthesized by introducing D and A units intra‐ or intermolecularly, have made great progress in photocatalytic studies. More and more studies have demonstrated that the D‐A type organic photocatalytic materials combine effective carrier separation, tunable bandgap, and sensitive optoelectronic response, and are considered to be an effective strategy for enhancing light absorption, improving exciton dissociation, and optimizing carrier transport. This review provides a thorough overview of D‐A strategies aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic performance of organic semiconductors. Initially, essential methods for modifying organic photocatalytic materials, such as interface engineering, crystal engineering, and interaction modulation, are briefly discussed. Subsequently, the review delves into various organic photocatalytic materials based on intramolecular and intermolecular D‐A interactions, encompassing small molecules, conjugated polymers, crystalline polymers, supramolecules, and organic heterojunctions. Meanwhile, the energy band structures, exciton dynamics, and redox‐active sites of D‐A type organic photocatalytic materials under different bonding modes are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the advanced applications of organic photocatalystsand outlines prospective challenges and opportunities.

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Section: Intermolecular D‐a Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Donor‐Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis

Wang,

Zhu

2023

Advanced Science

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“…[ 33 ] Furthermore, Juan Corredor et al provided an integrated overview of the various photocatalytic, heterogeneous, homogeneous, and hybrid systems. [ 34 ] Several other excellent review articles discussed various aspects of OWS such as materials design, [ 35–44 ] cocatalysts, [ 45 ] band engineering, [ 46 ] photocatalytic reaction engineering, [ 47 ] large‐scale solar hydrogen production, [ 48 ] and charge‐separation mechanism, [ 49,50 ] to name a few. Efficient charge separation at the interface of the photocatalysts is essential for achieving higher STH conversion efficiency, and the interfacial contact area between the photocatalysts depends on the surface morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance Interfacial Spatial Charge Separation for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Overall Water‐Splitting: A Review

Odabasi Lee,

Lakhera,

Yong

2023

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Developing efficient photocatalysts for overall water‐splitting (OWS) has garnered considerable attention due to their potential in renewable energy conversion and storage. Enhancing the efficiency of interfacial spatial charge separation poses a key challenge in this field, as it plays a momentous role in the photocatalytic process. In this review article, a range of strategies aimed at improving interfacial spatial charge separation in photocatalysts for realizing high‐efficiency OWS are explored. To provide a comprehensive understanding, first the fundamentals of photocatalytic water‐splitting are introduced and the main bottlenecks in the reaction process, along with various charge separation and transfer mechanisms are identified. Subsequently, recent advancements and efforts in designing spatial charge separation at the interfaces of 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructured photocatalysts are discussed. Finally, a summary is presented and a long‐term outlook for spatial charge separation in the field of OWS is offered. By consolidating the current state‐of‐the‐art research, this review highlights the key challenges and favorable circumstances for future advancements in the pursuit of efficient OWS.

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“…26−28 In recent years, various classes of organic photocatalysts have emerged as effective agents for photocatalytic hydrogen production, including metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), and organic small molecules, each exhibiting impressive photocatalytic capabilities. 29,30 MOFs connect organic and inorganic units through coordination bonds, but this also causes the disadvantage of their lack of stability. 31 CMPs and COFs/ CTFs, on the other hand, are linked together by strong covalent bonds and benefit from a high degree of conjugation, which enhances their photochemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the realm of photocatalysis, traditional inorganic materials often encounter practical limitations arising from challenges associated with structural complexity, elevated production costs, and inherent stability issues. − In contrast, organic semiconductors have recently garnered considerable attention due to their inherent advantages, which include a wealth of π-electrons, high modifiability, good light-absorption capabilities, and facile tunability of energy band structures. − In recent years, various classes of organic photocatalysts have emerged as effective agents for photocatalytic hydrogen production, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), and organic small molecules, each exhibiting impressive photocatalytic capabilities. , MOFs connect organic and inorganic units through coordination bonds, but this also causes the disadvantage of their lack of stability . CMPs and COFs/CTFs, on the other hand, are linked together by strong covalent bonds and benefit from a high degree of conjugation, which enhances their photochemical stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Density Modulation of Pyrene-Related Small Molecules by Nitrogen Heteroatoms Precisely Regulates Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen

Hai,

Fang,

Xiong

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Organic semiconductor materials hold promising applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their high modifiability and wide range of light absorption capability. In this study, we present an effective strategy for promoting the separation of photoexcited electrons from organic conjugated centers to active sites by modifying different nitrogen-containing groups on pyrene molecules. Building on this foundation, the well-designed catalyst Py-m-2N has demonstrated good performance by achieving a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 48.86 mmol g–1 h–1, even in the absence of the precious metal platinum cocatalyst. This achievement places the pyrene-based photocatalyst ahead of the majority of its organic counterparts. Our comprehensive characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the nitrogen atom not only serves as an active site for hydrogen production but also plays a pivotal role in efficiently accumulating bulk-phase electrons. This electron enrichment process enhances the transport of photoexcited electrons from the light-absorbing pyrene units to the active nitrogen sites. This work provides inspiration for the future design of effective nitrogen-atom-modified organic semiconductor photocatalysts at the molecular level.

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Advances in organic semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Abstract: Using semiconductor materials for solar-driven hydrogen production is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Organic photocatalysts, composed of elements abundantly available on earth, offer the advantage over inorganic counterparts due...

Cited by 20 publications

References 142 publications

Organic Donor‐Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis

Organic Donor‐Acceptor Systems for Photocatalysis

Strategies to Enhance Interfacial Spatial Charge Separation for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Overall Water‐Splitting: A Review

Charge Density Modulation of Pyrene-Related Small Molecules by Nitrogen Heteroatoms Precisely Regulates Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen

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