Advances in oil palm shell fibre reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset polymer composites

Alfatah, Tata; Mistar, Eka Marya; Syabriyana, Maliya; Supardan, Muhammad Dani

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.09.061

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 134 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the micrographs, prior to the absorption process, voids were observed, and they were more noticeable in the OPEFB composites than in the OPKS composites because of the lower dispersion of the reinforcement in the acrylic matrix [ 23 ]. Voids were produced by insufficient adherence/wetting between the polymer matrix and the reinforcements due to the hydrophobic and hydrophilic character they present [ 14 , 15 ]. However, Bin Bakri et al [ 15 ] associated the presence of voids with the manufacturing process of the composites, since the process of mixing the acrylic resin with the oil palm wastes could enter the air, which could be trapped.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it has been reported that the addition of modified OPKS powder to polyester increased the thermal degradation temperature (from 370 to 418 °C) compared to pure polyester or pure powder [ 13 ]. Moreover, nanosilica-hybridized OPKS in thermoplastic polypropylene composites improved tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break [ 14 ]. On the other hand, the use of OPEFB in thermosetting matrices increased mechanical integrity and acoustic absorption [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water Absorption Behavior of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as Fillers in Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the use of oil palm wastes has been an interesting approach for the development of sustainable polymer matrix composites. Nevertheless, the water absorption behavior of these materials is one of the most critical factors for their performance over time. In this study, the water uptake characteristics of acrylic thermoplastic matrix composites reinforced separately with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) were evaluated through immersion test in distilled water. The specimens of both composites were manufactured using the compression molding technique at three temperatures (80, 100, and 120 °C) using different particle sizes (425–600 and 600–850 µm). The composites, before and after the absorption test, were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation was complemented by the application of the Fickian diffusion model. Overall results showed that water absorption capacity decreased at a higher processing temperature and a larger particle size. In particular, it was observed that the type of reinforcement also influenced both water absorption and diffusivity. OPKS/acrylic and OPEFB/acrylic composites reached a maximum absorption of 77 and 86%, with diffusivities of 7.3 × 10−9 and 15.2 × 10−9 m2/min, respectively. Experimental evidence suggested that the absorption mechanism of the composites followed a non-Fickian model (n < 1.0).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Absorption Behavior of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as Fillers in Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, they are extremely costly to be used in different types of loadings. Basalt fiber, as a natural fiber such as flax, 5 hemp, 6 jute, 7 kenaf, 8 sisal, 9 banana, 10 palm 11 and basalt, [12][13][14][15] is a desired type of ecofriendly reinforcement which can be considered as a candidate for using in the structure of composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low velocity impact behavior of twill basalt/epoxy composites modified by graphene nanoparticles

Azimpour-Shishevan

Mohtadi-Bonab

Akbulut

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanoparticles are considered as feasible strengthening agent which strengthen different types of polymeric materials with minor reduction in the density of composites. In this study, 0.1 and 0.5 wt. % Graphene Nano Platelets (GNPs) are added to the matrix of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites (BECs) and the effects of such addition on low velocity impact behavior are investigated. In this regard, the epoxy matrix is reinforced in macro scale by basalt fibers weaved together in 2/2 Twill pattern. Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) method is used to fabricate the pure and multi-scale BECs. The profile energy method is also used to evaluate the penetration and perforation threshold of fabricated pure and multi-scale BEC specimens. The force versus time and deflection, energy and deflection versus time curves are plotted and the key parameters of low velocity impact test including maximum force, energy and deflection are compared. According to the results, introducing of GNP nanoparticles in the matrix of BECs improves the low velocity impact behavior of these composites by increasing the contact force and decreasing the absorbed energy in rebounding state. Finally, based on the experiments, the 0.5 wt.% BEC has the best impact performance by applying 15.08 kN impact force against the applied forces of 13.78 kN and 11.208 kN for 0.1 wt.% and pure BECs.

show abstract

“…26 The result of this use showed that it improved the physical, mechanical, thermal, water barrier, and biodegradable properties of polymers. 27 In addition, by-products from agriculture as rice husk ash (RHA) for instance consist of 15-17 wt.% silica, 28 and can be added to the polymer matrix. 29,30 In comparison to the unfilled compound, the addition of RHA speeds up the curing process and improves Young's modulus and tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because OPA contains silica, it represents the ability to be used as a filler 26 . The result of this use showed that it improved the physical, mechanical, thermal, water barrier, and biodegradable properties of polymers 27 . In addition, by‐products from agriculture as rice husk ash (RHA) for instance consist of 15–17 wt.% silica, 28 and can be added to the polymer matrix 29,30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Yangthong

Buaksuntear

Suethao

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fly ash (FA), a by‐product of the power generation industry, can potentially be used as a filler in polymer products. Particularly, FA has been investigated as an alternative filler to partially or fully replace commercial fillers in polymer composites. This mini‐review discusses the fundamental properties of FA, environmental pollution from commercial fillers, and the performance of FA in polymers. The properties of FA‐loaded polymer composites are discussed, including the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review highlights the potential methods and challenges for substituting, or replacing, commercial fillers in various polymers such as natural rubber (NR), epoxidized NR, epoxy, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), NR/SBR blends, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.

show abstract

Advances in oil palm shell fibre reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset polymer composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 134 publications

Water Absorption Behavior of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as Fillers in Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites

Water Absorption Behavior of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Oil Palm Kernel Shell (OPKS) as Fillers in Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites

Low velocity impact behavior of twill basalt/epoxy composites modified by graphene nanoparticles

Waste material fly ash as an alternative filler for elastomers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About