Advances in Nanotechnology as a Potential Alternative for Plant Viral Disease Management

Abstract

Plant viruses cause enormous losses in agricultural production accounting for about 47% of the total overall crop losses caused by plant pathogens. More than 50% of the emerging plant diseases are reported to be caused by viruses, which are inevitable or unmanageable. Therefore, it is essential to devise novel and effective management strategies to combat the losses caused by the plant virus in economically important crops. Nanotechnology presents a new tendency against the increasing challenges in the diagnosis and management of plant viruses as well as plant health. The application of nanotechnology in plant virology, known as nanophytovirology, includes disease diagnostics, drug delivery, genetic transformation, therapeutants, plant defense induction, and bio-stimulation; however, it is still in the nascent stage. The unique physicochemical properties of particles in the nanoscale allow greater interaction and it may knock out the virus particles. Thus, it opens up a novel arena for the management of plant viral diseases. The main objective of this review is to focus on the mounting collection of tools and techniques involved in the viral disease diagnosis and management and to elucidate their mode of action along with toxicological concerns.

Controlling Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) Infection in Pepper Seedlings by Use of Chemically Synthetic Silver Nanoparticles

“…This result was an agreement with that of [34], which reported that the nanoparticles, especially those synthesized by B. licheniformis, showed excellent in vitro antiviral activity against the bean yellow mosaic virus. The significance of the particular antiviral activity is highlighted, given the significant yield reduction in fava bean crops resulting from bean yellow mosaic virus infections in many African countries [37][38][39][40]. This study indicates the ability of silver nanoparticles to prevent the release of viral RNA from the protein coat of the virus.…”

Occurrence, Distribution, and Management of Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Cucurbits in Spain

“…These include the use of plant material that is resistant and/or tolerant to these viruses, in addition to the use of virus-free material combined with cultural practices, such as weed control and crop rotation, as well as controlling vector-mediated transmission. These control options have been comprehensively described by other reviews [ 3 , 13 , 36 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ], and even novel techniques based on nanotechnology have been recently reported for the management of plant virus diseases [ 138 , 139 , 140 ]. In cucurbit crops, it is important to consider that these crops grow in open fields and temperate growing areas, where the aphid-vector populations are also major pests that are difficult to control.…”

A Combinatorial Nanobased Spray-Induced Gene Silencing Technique for Crop Protection and Improvement

“…Nanomaterials 1−100 nm in size hold more than enough potentiality, and based on today's scenarios, researchers are highly interested in studying them because of their stability, specificity, reactivity, shape, size, and many more properties. 12 Silver, gold, copper, zinc, and titanium nanoparticles can be synthesized as nanopesticides to destroy plant-affecting insects and, therefore, are widely applied for plant disease resistance. To construct such a nanopesticide, the insoluble active ingredient is fused with the inorganic coating of nanoparticles or conjugated with the polymers.…”

“…17 Per studies, it was observed that the nanocarrier mode of the RNAi gene dysregulating method to prevent pests and microbes like the African malaria mosquito, yellow fever mosquito, bean yellow mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Xanthomonas oryzae, and so on is a successful utilization. 12,18,19 The tomato leaf miner is another disease-causing insect, which can be decreased using nanobioconjugates as a remedy for the ailment. 20 3.1.…”