Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems

Abstract

Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NBDDS) are widely used to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. By combining therapeutic drugs with nanoparticles using rational targeting pathways, nano-targeted delivery systems were created to overcome the main drawbacks of conventional drug treatment, including insufficient stability and solubility, lack of transmembrane transport, short circulation time, and undesirable toxic effects. Herein, we reviewed the recent developments in different targeting design strategies and therapeutic approaches employing various nanomaterial-based systems. We also discussed the challenges and perspectives of smart systems in precisely targeting different intravascular and extravascular diseases.

mRNA Sonotransfection of Tumors with Polymeric Microbubbles: Co‐Formulation versus Co‐Administration

“…In this regard, improved and more homogeneous transfection of cell layers that are distant from blood vessels may be achieved by using US‐responsive nanoscale systems (e.g., nanobubbles or phase‐change nanodroplets), which can effectively extravasate and accumulate in the tumor interstitium. [ 44 ]…”

A new era in cancer treatment: harnessing ZIF-8 nanoparticles for PD-1 inhibitor delivery

“…17,82,83 One of the key benefits is the enhancement of the therapeutic index, a measure of a drug's safety in relation to its effectiveness. 84,85 By increasing drug concentrations specifically at the tumor site and reducing off-target effects, targeted delivery systems can significantly improve this index. 17,82,83 Moreover, these systems pave the way for the administration of lower drug doses.…”

“…However, with targeted delivery systems, it is now possible to deliver these agents to previously inaccessible sites, opening new frontiers in disease treatment. 84,88…”

“…However, these systems are not without their challenges. 84,89,90 One of the primary hurdles lies in the complexity of designing and synthesizing nanoparticles with the desired properties. The creation of nanoparticles requires careful consideration of factors such as size, stability, and surface functionality.…”

The application strategy of liposomes in organ targeting therapy

“…Excessive drug dosages, however, result in an augmented therapeutic cost as well as serious systemic side effects. Therefore, there is growing interest in drug delivery systems with targeted drug delivery capabilities that improve therapeutic efficacy and mitigate systemic toxicity (Cheng et al, 2023;Patra et al, 2018;Tewabe et al, 2021;Tiwari et al, 2012).Various diseases manifest in different organs, including the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain and others, necessitating targeted liposome delivery of drugs for effective treatment. Liposomes with specific organ-targeting abilities have received tremendous attention as potential drug carriers, addressing challenges related to structural breakdown, restricted circulation time, and low concentration of drugs in lesion areas (Deshpande et al, 2013;.…”