Advances in micro- and nano bubbles technology for application in biochemical processes

Advances and Challenges in Biocatalysts Application for High Solid-Loading of Biomass for 2nd Generation Bio-Ethanol Production

“…Though the enzyme cost has been reduced drastically in the last few decades, still there is space for further reduction as it may increase the economic feasibility of 2nd generation bio-ethanol technology. Bioprocess advancements for cellulase production have been drastically attended since last decade and several research articles are being published regularly on the application of new strategies for bioprocess improvement such as employing micro-nano bubble technology, resolving the issue of high DO requirement [29], however; most of them are based on lab-scale studies, necessitating the data of pilot-scale studies for scale-up [12].…”

Microbubbles for Effective Cleaning of Metal Surfaces Without Chemical Agents

“…11−13 MBs and NBs have been used in a wide variety of applications, such as degradation of organic pollutants, 14−17 decontamination of sand/soil, 6,18,19 degreasing/reducing fouling of membranes, 11,20−22 enhanced flotation, 23,24 tion, 25,26 and bioprocess enhancement. 27 In the cleaning field, Ikeura et al used ozone MBs to remove residual pesticide from vegetables and found that when MBs were generated by decompression they gave better results than when a gas−water circulation method was used. The difference in performance was attributed to the large number of small MBs, which efficiently infiltrate the vegetable tissue, produced by the decompression method.…”

“…According to ISO 20480-1:2017, the diameter of fine bubbles is <100 μm and thus includes microbubbles (diameter 1–100 μm; MBs) and nanobubbles (or ultrafine bubbles, diameter <1 μm; NBs). Compared to larger bubbles, MBs and NBs have several distinguishing characteristics, such as a slow rising speed, a large specific surface area, and a hydrophobic and negatively charged surface; they are also associated with the generation of free radicals. − MBs and NBs have been used in a wide variety of applications, such as degradation of organic pollutants, − decontamination of sand/soil, ,, degreasing/reducing fouling of membranes, ,− enhanced flotation, , sterilization, , and bioprocess enhancement . In the cleaning field, Ikeura et al used ozone MBs to remove residual pesticide from vegetables and found that when MBs were generated by decompression they gave better results than when a gas–water circulation method was used.…”

Review of Oxygenation with Nanobubbles: Possible Treatment for Hypoxic COVID-19 Patients

“… 15 What makes NBs superior to all other scalable gas-transfer platforms is their ability to remain suspended in liquid in view of their negative surface potential, meaning they neither disappear nor coalesce with each other and continue to transfer gases throughout the liquid volume until they collapse. 16 Their elevated properties, for example, nanosized, high surface-to-volume ratio, high inner pressure, prolonged stability, electrostatic charge properties, acoustic properties, and biocompatibility, have led researchers to investigate this platform for biomedical applications. 17 Interestingly, NBs exhibit particularly exogenous stimulus-responsive characteristics, responding to environmental or external triggers, namely, US waves, mechanical forces, light stimuli, temperature changes, electric and magnetic fields, or endogenous stimuli like pH, redox, or multimodal stimuli.…”

“…Later in 2004, NBs were investigated as ultrasound (US) contrast agents . What makes NBs superior to all other scalable gas-transfer platforms is their ability to remain suspended in liquid in view of their negative surface potential, meaning they neither disappear nor coalesce with each other and continue to transfer gases throughout the liquid volume until they collapse . Their elevated properties, for example, nanosized, high surface-to-volume ratio, high inner pressure, prolonged stability, electrostatic charge properties, acoustic properties, and biocompatibility, have led researchers to investigate this platform for biomedical applications .…”