Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis: From Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives

Abstract

The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disorder of joints, has substantially increased in recent years. Its key pathogenic hallmarks include articular cartilage destruction, synovium inflammation, and bone remodeling. However, treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. Until recently, common therapy methods, such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatments, were aimed to treat symptoms that cannot be radically cured. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), i.e., mesoderm non-hematopoietic cells separated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, etc., have been intensively explored as an emerging technique for the treatment of OA over the last few decades. According to existing research, MSCs may limit cartilage degradation in OA by interfering with cellular immunity and secreting a number of active chemicals. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of OA and conduct a thorough review of both preclinical and clinical data.

Protecting the regenerative environment: selecting the optimal delivery vehicle for cartilage repair—a narrative review

“…Many of these studies reported improved cartilage structural outcomes assessed by MRI. Summary of these outcomes for clinical OCD studies are presented by Jiang ( Jiang et al, 2021 ) and Lv ( Lv et al, 2023 ). In a narrative review, Lv concluded that while MSCs have therapeutic value, a stronger evidence base is needed until they can be clinically applied ( Lv et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Summary of these outcomes for clinical OCD studies are presented by Jiang ( Jiang et al, 2021 ) and Lv ( Lv et al, 2023 ). In a narrative review, Lv concluded that while MSCs have therapeutic value, a stronger evidence base is needed until they can be clinically applied ( Lv et al, 2023 ). It was also noted that injecting MSCs has significant limitations, including cell death at injection and significant leakage at the injection site and that overcoming these limitations via biomaterial-assisted cell cartilage repair may be the optimal direction for OA treatment ( Lv et al, 2023 ).…”

Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms via Shuttling Proteins

“…Nevertheless, to date, the pathogenesis of RA and the development of effective early diagnosis and treatment modalities remain largely unresolved, resulting in profound disability and premature mortality . Numerous studies have showcased the burgeoning interest in stem cell-based therapy for augmenting osseointegration efficiency in the RA, and BMSCs can alleviate the symptoms of RA, encompassing the inhibition of local inflammatory cytokines and enhancement of cartilage healing. , Our previous study demonstrated, for the first time, that IL-1β siRNA-BMSCs are more effective in repairing cartilage defects associated with RA than BMSCs alone. This finding suggests that IL-1β siRNA-BMSCs may represent a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of RA .…”

Protective properties of extracellular vesicles in sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted interest in the past few years based on advantages such as differentiation potential, self-renewal and self-secretion [ 4 ]. MSCs has been clinically studied as a therapeutic agent in a variety of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Osteoarthritis[ 5 – 7 ]. However, there are some challenges with the use of MSC, including low survival rate and difficult to reach injury [ 8 ].…”