Advances in layer-by-layer processing for efficient and reliable organic solar cells

Mishra, Amaresh; Bhuyan, Nirmala Niharika; Xu, Haijun; Sharma, Ganesh D.

doi:10.1039/d3ma00754e

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(263 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another notable strategy in the fabrication of OSCs is the sequential deposition (SqD) of individual donor and acceptor materials to form the photoactive layer. − Unlike the preparation of BHJ structures via BSD, SqD provides precise control over material deposition, enabling the development of well-defined ordered layers with a pseudobilayer configuration. This configuration comprises an intermixed donor and acceptor layer in the center of the photoactive layer, which is sandwiched between the pristine donor and acceptor layers. , Moreover, OSCs fabricated via SqD have garnered attention due to their enhanced charge transport and extraction capabilities, reduced reliance on the donor–acceptor ratio and solvent employed in the processing step, and better thermal stability. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Reproducibility in Organic Solar Cell Fabrication via Static Sequential Deposition with Cross-Linked Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor

Kim,

Kong,

Kim

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The key to developing highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) hinges on crafting a photoactive layer with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. In this study, we fabricated a BHJ via sequential deposition (SqD), employing a PM6 polymer and Y6 small molecules as the donor and acceptor materials, respectively. Renowned for their pivotal roles in boosting the device performance, PM6 and Y6 have garnered significant attention among researchers. To address challenges associated with SqD techniques, such as achieving uniform coverage and establishing interfacial compatibility between layers, our approach (referred to as XSqD) involves depositing a cross-linked PM6 donor layer, followed by a Y6 acceptor layer, utilizing a static coating method and a good solvent. An azide-functionalized small molecule is employed to cross-link the PM6 polymer. Notably, the exposure of the PM6 polymer to the cross-linker under ultraviolet light and thermal annealing induces preferential cross-linking, resulting in the formation of a stable polymer network that effectively locks the internal morphology of the active layer without compromising its optical or electrical properties. OSCs fabricated via XSqD demonstrated enhanced power conversion efficiency and reproducibility compared with OSCs prepared using SqD with un-cross-linked PM6.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Reproducibility in Organic Solar Cell Fabrication via Static Sequential Deposition with Cross-Linked Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor

Kim,

Kong,

Kim

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22−26 As compared to the BHJ structure, the SD method provides independent processing and optimization of donor and acceptor sublayers as well as more controllable morphology that has a pseudo p− i−n structure. 27,28 The p−i−n active layer typically has a substantially large and well-mixed interfacial (i) middle region, surrounded by two relatively thin but completely layered pand n-regions (sublayers) without any mixed counter p-or ndomains. The orientation of these p−i−n layers is normal to the carrier transport direction, favorable for charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, various processing methods, such as vacuum deposition, film-transfer (floating or using poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp), or multistep spin-coating processes with orthogonal solvents, have been applied for fabricating OPVs with stacked structures. , The sequential deposition (SD), − also known as the layer-by-layer process, features donor- and acceptor-layer stacked structures with significant advantages in providing more balanced charge transport after exciton dissociation and direct pathways for carriers, particularly near the electrode regions. − As compared to the BHJ structure, the SD method provides independent processing and optimization of donor and acceptor sublayers as well as more controllable morphology that has a pseudo p–i–n structure. , The p–i–n active layer typically has a substantially large and well-mixed interfacial (i) middle region, surrounded by two relatively thin but completely layered p- and n-regions (sublayers) without any mixed counter p- or n-domains. The orientation of these p–i–n layers is normal to the carrier transport direction, favorable for charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High Efficiency and Stability in Organic Photovoltaics with a Nanometer-Scale Twin p–i–n Structured Active Layer

Chang,

Jiang,

Chen

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In pursuing high stability and power conversion efficiency for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), a sequential deposition (SD) approach to fabricate active layers with p−i−n structures (where p, i, and n represent the electron donor, mixed donor:acceptor, and electron acceptor regions, respectively, distinctively different from the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure) has emerged. Here, we present a novel approach that by incorporating two polymer donors, PBDBT-DTBT and PTQ-2F, and one small-molecule acceptor, BTP-3-EH-4Cl, into the active layer with sequential deposition, we formed a device with nanometer-scale twin p−i−n structured active layer. The twin p− i−n PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Cl device involved first depositing a PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F blend under layer and then a BTP-3-EH-4Cl top layer and exhibited an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 18.6%, as compared to the 16.4% for the control BHJ PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F:BTP-3-EH-4Cl device or 16.6% for the single p−i−n PBDBT-DTBT/BTP-3-EH-4Cl device. The PCE enhancement resulted mainly from the twin p−i−n active layer's multiple nanoscale charge carrier pathways that contributed to an improved fill factor and faster photocurrent generation based on transient absorption studies. The PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Cl film possessed a vertical twin p−i−n morphology that was revealed through secondary ion mass spectrometry and synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analyses. The thermal stability (T 80 ) at 85 °C of the twin p−i−n PBDBT-DTBT:PTQ-2F/BTP-3-EH-4Cl device surpassed that of the single p−i−n PBDBT-DTBT/BTP-3-EH-4Cl devices (906 vs 196 h). This approach of providing a twin p−i−n structure in the active layer can lead to substantial enhancements in both the PCE and stability of organic photovoltaics, laying a solid foundation for future commercialization of the organic photovoltaics technology.

show abstract

A Pseudo Planar Heterojunction Structure for Eco‐Friendly Printable Organic Solar Cells Achieving 19.05% Efficiency

Wang,

Zhang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obtaining a well‐accurate vertical distribution active layer morphology through the air‐printing process is an essential task for achieving efficient scalable large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs). In this target, the desired and controllable pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) active layer structure with suitable phase separation is developed by pre‐deposited D18‐Cl layer under the PM6:BTP‐eC9 film via an eco‐friendly manufacturing method. The addition of the D18‐Cl regulates molecular crystallization and leads to an ideal vertical stratification while simultaneously suppressing voltage loss, optimizing energetic disorder, and carrier management. Impressively, the optimal PPHJ devices perform superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.05% (100 nm), 17.33% (300 nm), and 14.14% (4 cm2) compared to the BHJ devices. Importantly, the PPHJ OSCs also exhibit an impressive extrapolated T80 (the time required to reach 80% of initial PCE) of long‐time storage and operational stability, as well as thermal stability.

show abstract

Advances in layer-by-layer processing for efficient and reliable organic solar cells

Abstract: Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition using solution processing is a promising technique for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) with high efficiency and stability. In comparison with bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure, in LBL method...

Cited by 5 publications

References 204 publications

Enhancing Reproducibility in Organic Solar Cell Fabrication via Static Sequential Deposition with Cross-Linked Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor

Enhancing Reproducibility in Organic Solar Cell Fabrication via Static Sequential Deposition with Cross-Linked Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor

Achieving High Efficiency and Stability in Organic Photovoltaics with a Nanometer-Scale Twin p–i–n Structured Active Layer

A Pseudo Planar Heterojunction Structure for Eco‐Friendly Printable Organic Solar Cells Achieving 19.05% Efficiency

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About