Advances in land mine detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Spencer, Kevin; Sylvia, James M.; Janni, James A.; Klein, James D.

doi:10.1117/12.357060

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the amount detected here is eight orders of magnitude below the conventional detection limit of DNT amount claimed in literature (1 pg) on planar SERS substrates such as roughened metal surfaces. 23 Besides, DNT vapor detection was preliminary demonstrated as well with a low limit of detection below 100 ppt, hence indicating that the design suggested here is also applicable to efficient detection of vapor phase, usually the most difficult task to perform.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Porous Substrates for Label-Free Molecular Level Detection of Nonresonant Organic Molecules

2008

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We report on the design of practical surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based upon 3D alumina membranes with cylindrical nanopores chemically modified with polyelectrolyte coating and loaded with gold nanoparticle clusters. These substrates allow for a molecular-level, label-free detection of common plastic explosive materials (TNT, DNT) down to 5-10 zeptograms or 15-30 molecules and a common liquid explosive (HMTD) down to 1 picogram. Such a sensitive detection of organic molecules by utilizing efficient SERS substrates opens the path for affordable and label-free detection of trace amount of practically important chemical compounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…23 The total amount of the detected material precipitated on substrates is 5Ϫ10 zeptograms (in contrast to 1 pg in previous studies 23 ), *Address correspondence to vladimir@mse.gatech.edu.…”

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confidence: 93%

Porous Substrates for Label-Free Molecular Level Detection of Nonresonant Organic Molecules

2008

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“…SERS spectra for TNT, its impurity 2,4-DNT, and degradation products 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were presented in a previous SPIE proceeding. 1 The characteristic features are the nitrate bending modes in the 820 cm -1 region and the stretching modes around 1337 cm -1 that are strongly enhanced, indicating the explosives adsorb to the SERS substrate through the nitrate features and not the aromatic ring. Extensive vapor phase research has been performed at EIC Laboratories, with demonstration of reproducible detection in blind tests down to 5 ppb for 2,4-dinitrotoluene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gold roughening procedure is a slightly modified version of the method developed by DeSilvestro and Weaver. 1 The gold electrodes were cycled 25 times at a sweep rate of 500 mV/s with upper and lower limits of 1.2 and -0.3 V versus a silver/silver chloride reference electrode (BioAnalytical Systems), respectively. The silver roughening procedure required cycling 20 times at a sweep rate of 10 mV/s with upper and lower limits of 0.25 and -0.6 V versus silver/silver chloride, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for homeland defense

Spencer

Sylvia

Marren

et al. 2004

Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a spectroscopic technique that enables trace detection of analytes of relevance using fieldable equipment. SERS uses the enhanced Raman signals observed when an analyte adsorbs to a roughened metal substrate, generally gold, silver, or copper. Coupled to a microscope, single molecule detection has been demonstrated. With a fieldable instrument, enhancements of 10 8 compared to unenhanced Raman spectroscopy are expected, allowing trace detection in the field. Proper development of the metal substrate will optimize the sensitivity and selectivity towards the analytes of interest. In this presentation, we will discuss applications under development at EIC Laboratories that are of importance to Homeland Defense. We will review the capabilities of SERS to detect buried explosives, explosives associated with nuclear weaponry and chemicals involved in the nuclear enrichment process. We will discuss the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents in the water supply in research performed under the Joint Service Agent Water Monitor. We will demonstrate the current detection limits, the reproducibility of the signal, and results collected using actual chemical warfare agents, and show how the results can be extended to vapor detection. We will also discuss the current state-of-the art for fieldable instrumentation. The emphasis on portability and speed will be stressed; SERS acquisitions are restricted to 30 s or less.

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“…The SERS nitrate stretching modes are observed at 1,356 cm −1 , 1,350 cm −1 , 1,366 cm −1 , and 1,350 cm −1 for TNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and 1,3-DNB, respectively. The absence of the toluene group in 1,3-DNB allows the benzene ring to adsorb more strongly to the substrate surface, leading to a unique feature centered near 1,000 cm −1 when compared to the other compounds [ 34 ]. These data suggest that it is possible to distinguish these nitro-aromatic species based on their molecular composition, and therefore SERS spectral signatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nanosensor for TNT Detection Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

Holthoff

Stratis‐Cullum

Hankus

2011

Sensors

188

133

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We report on a new sensor strategy that integrates molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The sensor was developed to detect the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Micron thick films of sol gel-derived xerogels were deposited on a SERS-active surface as the sensing layer. Xerogels were molecularly imprinted for TNT using non-covalent interactions with the polymer matrix. Binding of the TNT within the polymer matrix results in unique SERS bands, which allow for detection and identification of the molecule in the MIP. This MIP-SERS sensor exhibits an apparent dissociation constant of (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10−5 M for TNT and a 3 μM detection limit. The response to TNT is reversible and the sensor is stable for at least 6 months. Key challenges, including developing a MIP formulation that is stable and integrated with the SERS substrate, and ensuring the MIP does not mask the spectral features of the target analyte through SERS polymer background, were successfully met. The results also suggest the MIP-SERS protocol can be extended to other target analytes of interest.

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Advances in land mine detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Porous Substrates for Label-Free Molecular Level Detection of Nonresonant Organic Molecules

Porous Substrates for Label-Free Molecular Level Detection of Nonresonant Organic Molecules

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for homeland defense

A Nanosensor for TNT Detection Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

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