Advances in investment casting of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: a review

Nastac, Laurentiu; Gungor, M. N.; Üçok, I.; Klug, Kevin; Tack, W. T.

doi:10.1179/136404605225023225

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…After casting, panels were processed according to the standard aerospace grade titanium casting process (AMS 4985B). Specifically, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 900°C for 2 hours under a pressure of 103 MPa, a treatment commonly used to close casting porosity, [21] was first performed. This was followed by chemical milling to remove a-case, NADCAP-approved nondestructive inspection (visual, radiographic, and penetrant), casting weld repair (if necessary), and a mill-anneal heat treatment carried out at 730 ± 15°C for 2 hours, terminated by furnace cooling, and then final inspections and light etching.…”

Section: A Panel Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is, however, considerable technical expertise in the investment casting of titanium alloys, with features as small as 1-mm and with high aspect ratios. [21] This opens the door to casting larger-sized, integral, and complexshaped titanium LBSs, combining the regular architecture of LBSs, the high mechanical performance of titanium, and the affordability of castings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Block Structures

Chen²,

Bice³

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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Ti-6Al-4V lattice block structure panels were fabricated using an aerospace-quality investment casting process. Testing in compression, bending, and impact show that high strength, ductility, and energy absorption are achieved for both individual struts and full panels, despite the intricacies involved with casting fine struts (1.6 or 3.2 mm in diameter) from a highly reactive, poor-fluidity liquid titanium alloy. The panel stress-strain curve calculated by finite-element modeling correlates well with experimental results, indicating that the occasional defects, which are common to aerospace grade castings and may be present in the struts and nodes, have little detrimental effect on the overall panel compressive properties.

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Section: A Panel Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Block Structures

Chen²,

Bice³

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…One recent excellent demonstration of titanium castings use is in M777 Lightweight Howitzer applications where fabricated titanium parts have been converted into unitized investment castings to reduce cost and distortions. [9][10][11][12] One good example of a cast component developed and implemented is shown in Figure 6. 12 This part reduced cost because 60 fabricated parts integrated into a single part.…”

Section: Castingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12] One good example of a cast component developed and implemented is shown in Figure 6. 12 This part reduced cost because 60 fabricated parts integrated into a single part. 11 Recently, low-cost metal mold titanium castings have been developed that exhibit finer grain sizes and much lower alpha case (oxygen-enriched surface regions).…”

Section: Castingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-affordable titanium: The component fabrication perspective

Froes

Gungor

Imam

2007

JOM

134

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“…First, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was performed at 900°C for 2 hrs under a pressure of 103 MPa, a treatment commonly used to close casting porosity. [11] This was followed by chemical milling to remove the a-case, NAD-CAP-approved nondestructive inspection (visual, radiographic, penetrant), casting weld repair as necessary, and a mill-anneal heat-treatment carried out at 730 ± 15°C for 2 hrs, terminated by furnace cooling, and then final inspections and light etching. Figure 1 shows a ∼ 100 × 100 × 25 mm 3 panel consisting of a core with 3.2 mm diameter struts in a pyramidal arrangement and two faces which consist of a square external frame (with approximate 3.8 × 6.4 mm 2 cross-section) filled by a COMMUNICATIONS ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2008, 10, No.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti‐6Al‐2Sn‐4Zr‐2Mo Lattice Block Structures

Chen

Bice

et al. 2008

Adv Eng Mater

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Lattice block structures (LBS) -also called lattice-truss structures, truss-core sandwiches, and cellular lattices -have been fabricated from alloys of aluminum, [1][2][3] copper [2] and iron. [4] Three methods for fabrication of titanium LBS have been reported so far in the literature, to our knowledge. In a first method, struts consisting of a thick slurry of Ti-64 powders in an organic binder are layered into a 0/90 degree pattern forming the LBS which is sintered after binder removal. [5] In a second, related method, [6,7] selective electron beam melting is used to melt titanium and Ti-64 powders under high vacuum layer by layer, resulting in a structure with relative density of 30 % [6,7] characterized by struts, less than 1 mm in diameter, arranged in various architectures. [6,7] Finally, we recently showed that LBS panels with 1.6 and 3.2 mm diameter struts could be investment-cast with the alloy Ti-64, and we studied the mechanical properties of struts and panels at ambient temperature. [8] Such investmentcast titanium panels combine the advantages of high strength derived from the periodic LBS architecture, high mechanical performance inherent to titanium alloys, and low cost from casting. The present paper describes the mechanical properties, at ambient and elevated temperatures, of investment-cast Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo (Ti-6242) LBS panels. This alloy was chosen because it exhibits improved stiffness and strength at ambient temperature as compared to Ti-64, as well as much improved microstructural stability and mechanical strength up to 565°C, [9] while remaining castable.The Ti-6242 LBS panels were investment-cast in vacuum using the lost-wax approach, following a technique described previously, [2,8] After casting, panels were processed according to standard aerospace-grade titanium casting procedures (AMS 4985B). First, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was performed at 900°C for 2 hrs under a pressure of 103 MPa, a treatment commonly used to close casting porosity. [11] This was followed by chemical milling to remove the a-case, NAD-CAP-approved nondestructive inspection (visual, radiographic, penetrant), casting weld repair as necessary, and a mill-anneal heat-treatment carried out at 730 ± 15°C for 2 hrs, terminated by furnace cooling, and then final inspections and light etching. Figure 1 shows a ∼ 100 × 100 × 25 mm 3 panel consisting of a core with 3.2 mm diameter struts in a pyramidal arrangement and two faces which consist of a square external frame (with approximate 3.8 × 6.4 mm 2 cross-section) filled by a COMMUNICATIONS ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2008, 10, No. 10 Fig. 1. Photographs of a ∼ 100 × 100 × 25 mm 3 LBS Ti-6242 panel. The white square highlights a 3 × 3 sub-panel used for high temperature compression tests. (a) Top view; (b) Perspective view.

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Advances in investment casting of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: a review

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Block Structures

Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Block Structures

Cost-affordable titanium: The component fabrication perspective

Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti‐6Al‐2Sn‐4Zr‐2Mo Lattice Block Structures

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