Advances in inorganic and hybrid perovskites for miniaturized lasers

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The rapid advancement of perovskite-based optoelectronics devices has caught the world’s attention due to their outstanding properties, such as long carrier lifetime, low defect trap density, large absorption coefficient, narrow linewidth and high optical gain. Herein, the photonic lasing properties of perovskites are reviewed since the first stimulated emission of perovskites observed in 2014. The review is mainly focused on 3D structures based on their inherently active microcavities and externally passive microcavities of the perovskites. First, the fundamental properties in terms of crystal structure and optical characteristics of perovskites are reviewed. Then the perovskite lasers are classified into two sections based on the morphology features: the ability/inability to support lasing behaviors by themselves. Every section is further divided into two kinds of cavities according to the light reflection paths (Standing wave for the Fabry–Pérot cavity and travelling wave for the Whispering-Gallery-Mode cavity). The lasing performance involves fabrication methods, cavity sizes, thresholds, quality factors, pumping sources, etc. Finally, some challenges and prospects for perovskite lasers are given.</jats:p>

Reducing Amplified Spontaneous Emission Threshold in CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Films by Controlling TiO2 Compact Layer

“…The compact physical sizes from several to tens of microns can confine the generated photons located in the nano-structured cavities, and when the photons satisfy the resonance conditions of microcavities and obtain sufficient gain, the lasing will happen. Thus, perovskite laser is highly promising for integration onto on-chip circuitry because of its small modal volume [25].…”

Advances in metal halide perovskite lasers: synthetic strategies, morphology control, and lasing emission

“…Owing to the difference between the refractive index of perovskite material and air, the reflection can occur at the output interface easily, acting as optical reflector. 141,142 Hence, different from QDs, single perovskite crystals structures such as rods, wires, plates, cubes, and spheres can act as Fabry-Pérot (F-P) or WGM cavities by themselves, since the light can be confined in the resonant cavity with regular morphology and smooth end faces. 125 For the 1D NWs structure, light will propagate along 1D and form resonance between two end-facets.…”

A Microstructural Analysis of 2D Halide Perovskites: Stability and Functionality

“…The energy transfer rules the sub-200 ps timescale, and the energy levels of the quantum wells are organized such that hole transfer may take place from the air to glass sides of the film at future times. The high-performance nanolasers made up of perovskites have attained low threshold, high-quality factor, and tunable wavelengths under optical excitation (Guo et al, 2018;Zhang H. et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2020). Their compact volume could entrap the light field in a tiny region and improve the light-matter interactions.…”