“…Ever since then, automation has been widely used for various control systems for operating equipment, factory processes, boilers and heat treating ovens, telephone network switches, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and vehicles with the purpose to reduce human cost and intervention and improve efficiency and quality (Rifkin, 1995). Automation has been achieved by various technologies including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, and electronics, or in combination (Parasuraman & Wickens, 2008;Williams, 2009). Although automation may not involve computers, it is the computers that have revolutionized automation and made it so widely adopted in every industry today (Janssen et al, 2019).…”