Advances in High Throughput Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Abstract

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has long been touted as the separation of choice for high throughput applications and, after nearly a decade, is finally considered mainstream in the analytical chemistry community. Applications range from microscale analysis of complex mixtures to macroscale purification of chiral enantiomers in a variety of industries, such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, agrochemicals, petrochemical and natural products. The inherent speed, efficiency, and versatility of SFC have transformed the perceptions of the technology from novelty to integral tool for the modern analytical lab, especially those labs wanting to maximize throughput. However, maneuvering SFC through the transition from single samples to array-like libraries has strained the development of instrumentation to meet the challenging demands. This review presents the major developments and applications useful to those embarking on using SFC for high throughput applications in other fields.

Exploring the complexity of oil sands process‐affected water by high efficiency supercritical fluid chromatography/orbitrap mass spectrometry

“…Although more than 50 years have passed since the seminal communication of Klesper et al . on high‐pressure chromatography above critical temperatures, and more than 30 years of commercial SFC availability, only recently has the interest in SFC increased for analytical applications . SFC applications in the petroleum industry were discussed recently .…”

“…Although more than 50 years have passed since the seminal communication of Klesper et al on high-pressure chromatography above critical temperatures, [31] and more than 30 years of commercial SFC availability, only recently has the interest in SFC increased for analytical applications. [32][33][34] SFC applications in the petroleum industry were discussed recently. [35] The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as the mobile phase in SFC is not only an environmentally friendly option, but allows it to be paired directly to atmospheric pressure ionization MS sources.…”

Adsorption equilibrium of citric acid from supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol on cyano column

“…Applications range from micro scale analysis of complex mixtures to macro scale purification of chiral enantiomers in a variety of industries, such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, agrochemicals, petrochemical and natural products. The inherent speed, efficiency, and versatility of SFC have transformed the perceptions of the technology from novelty to integral tool for the modern labs, especially for those expecting to maximize throughput [5]. Patel et al have successfully adopted packed column SFC for the separation of two-pairs of water soluble peptides of identical mass, composition and charge that differ only in amino acid sequence [6].…”

Overview of the Analytical Lifecycle of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Methods

“…Considering this and the amount of works dedicated to the technique, it wouldn't be objective to present SFC only as a "green analytical tool". Indeed, SFC is now considered as a truly mature technique, which is complementary to gas chromatography and liquid chromatography [19] [107].…”

“…Thus, SFC was demonstrated to be useful for drug analysis [18]- [29], drug discovery [30]- [35], impurity profiling [26] [27] [31] [36]- [39], quantitative applications [40], bioanalysis [41]- [48], metabolic/metabolomics studies [49]- [55], chiral separations [56] [57], drug screening and preparative purposes at various stages [58]- [60]. However, the interest of SFC is not limited to pharmaceutical applications, other fields of application being polymer sciences [61] [62], petroleum industry [63]- [65], food analyses [66]- [69], and for various industrial processes [70]- [72].…”