Advances in Functionalization of Bioresorbable Nanomembranes and Nanoparticles for Their Use in Biomedicine

Abstract

Bioresorbable nanomembranes (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) are powerful polymeric materials playing an important role in biomedicine, as they can effectively reduce infections and inflammatory clinical patient conditions due to their high biocompatibility, ability to physically interact with biomolecules, large surface area, and low toxicity. In this review, the most common bioabsorbable materials such as those belonging to natural polymers and proteins for the manufacture of NMs and NPs are reviewed. In addition to biocompatibility and bioresorption, current methodology on surface functionalization is also revisited and the most recent applications are highlighted. Considering the most recent use in the field of biosensors, tethered lipid bilayers, drug delivery, wound dressing, skin regeneration, targeted chemotherapy and imaging/diagnostics, functionalized NMs and NPs have become one of the main pillars of modern biomedical applications.

Pla-Peg-Cholesterol Biomimetic Membrane for Electrochemical Sensing of Antioxidants

“…[1,2] Particularly, in the biomedical area, hybrid systems have attracted attention due to the achievement of some relevant properties of the new material, making them suitable to be in contact with biological fluids and living organisms. [3][4][5][6][7] Mano and co-workers, [8] for example, developed a hybrid biologically-inspired adhesive patch, composed by natural polymers (chitosan, alginate and hyaluronic acid) and dopamine as outer layer, obtaining a free-standing multilayered membrane for skin wound healing. The new adhesive showed increased human fibroblast cell viability and selective bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli but not against Staphylococcus aureus.…”