Advances in fibrous materials for high-capacity lithium sulfur batteries

Cement/Sulfur for Lithium–Sulfur Cells

“…Furthermore, a high energy density of 9.63–15.98 mA∙h cm −2 was realized. These performance values outperform the requirements for powering electric vehicles and the conventional oxide cathodes in the current commercial lithium-ion batteries [ 6 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. However, the reference cell, which consisted of a large amount of conductive carbon to host polysulfides and enhance cathode conductivity, exhibited rapid and irreversible capacity decay within only 50 cycles ( Figure 4 a).…”

“…Conversely, at higher rates, the conversion process became incomplete due to the large current density, resulting in lower capacity values and a constrained production of polysulfides. While this manifested as a higher capacity retention at high rates, it is noteworthy that the capacity values are typically lower than those observed at lower cycling rates [4,[33][34][35]. In addition, considering the use of a high-loading sulfur cathode with a high sulfur content, the resulting cell exhibited high areal and gravimetric capacities of 7.61, 5.54, 4.66, and 4.59 mA•h cm −2 and 951, 693, 582, and 573 mA•h g −1 , respectively.…”

“…This results in a high cathode performance, achieving a high peak areal capacity of 7.61 mA∙h cm −2 , a high gravimetric capacity of 951 mA∙h g −1 , and an energy density of 15.98 mW∙h cm −2 . The electrochemical performance meets the requirements for various applications, such as in electric vehicles, exhibiting an energy density superior to that of conventional oxide cathodes [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”