Advances in Eco-Efficient Agriculture: The Plant-Soil Mycobiome

Abstract

Abstract:In order to achieve a desirable ecological and sustainable agriculture a thorough understanding of the plant-soil mycobiome is imperative. Commercial industrial agriculture alters greenhouse gas emissions, promotes loss of plant and soil biodiversity, increases pollution by raising atmospheric CO 2 , and releases pesticides, thus affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Diversified farming systems, including perennial cultivated pastures, are among worldwide strategies that aim to reduce terrestrial greenhouse gas emissions and deal with threats to global sustainability. Additionally, stimulation of soil microbes and appropriate soil management can influence soil interactions as well as the rates of organic matter decomposition and the release of gases. Agricultural soil microbial communities play a central role in ecosystem processes and are affected by biocontrol agents, biofertilizers, and exposure to pesticides, the extent to which is yet to be fully elucidated. Intercropping different plant species is beneficial, as this can increase carbon fixation by plants, transferring carbon to the soil, especially via mycorrhizas, thus modifying interplant interactions. This review focuses on agro-ecosystems, showing the latest advances in the plant-soil interface (the mycobiome) for an eco-efficient agricultural production.

Prospects of Bioenergy Cropping Systems for A More Social-Ecologically Sound Bioeconomy

“…Agricultural diversification, i.e., the spatial and temporal diversification of BCS, has been intensively investigated over the past centuries, mainly according to agro-ecological farming practices such as intercropping [116], agroforestry [117][118][119][120], and polycultures [121]. Species-rich meadows [59] or perennial wild plant mixtures [88,122] are promising approaches to increase both the spatial and temporal diversity of BCS for biomass and bioenergy supply [76,108,123,124]. However, there are numerous other diversification approaches which are less intense but still relevant in terms of their social-ecologically aspects.…”

Parapiptadenia rigida MYCORRHIZATION WITH SPORES OF Scleroderma citrinum

“…The root system of host plants of ectomycorrhizal fungi synthesize and provide preferential secondary metabolites of the fungal species, which act as biochemical signals that encourage chemo-tropism, favoring the establishment of the fungus-plant association (MIRANSARI et al, 2014;PAGANO et al 2017). Thus, it is believed that the application of compounds derived from the secondary metabolism of symbiotic plants, such as species of the genus Pinus and Eucalyptus, may be a technological alternative to stimulate the establishment of associations between native forest species in Brazil and ectomycorrhizal fungi, whose symbiosis is quite common in these genera of exotic plants (STEFFEN et al, 2012).…”

Agrowaste bioconversion and microbial fortification have prospects for soil health, crop productivity, and eco-enterprising

“…Mature compost in combination with microbial consortia more prominently helps bioremediation of environmental pollutants (petroleum hydrocarbons) (Gomez and Sartaj 2014). It also improves microbial interaction with root rhizosphere to promote plant growth and develop top-soil structure (Sinha et al 2009;Abhilash et al 2016;Marcela et al 2017). Composting process usually involves three phases in which diverse microbial organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi act on the lignocellulosic components of the residue biomass.…”