Advances in Duplex Stainless Steels

Pezzato, Luca; Calliari, Irene

doi:10.3390/ma15207132

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…For this reason, many studies aim to analyze this phenomenon in order to help industries to minimize their maintenance costs. The topicality of the issue is confirmed by numerous publications on contact fatigue [24][25][26][27][28]. The results presented in this article are a continuation and extension of this research.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Wear Behaviors of the Surface of Duplex Cast Steel after the Burnishing Process

Stradomski,

Fik,

Lis

et al. 2024

Materials

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Duplex steel and cast steels have a wide range of applications in many industrial sectors, for example, oil extraction, printing, petrochemical industry, energy—exhaust gases desulphurization systems, seawater desalination plants, and the shipbuilding industry. The machine elements can be produced with different techniques, which determine the operational properties. A material with the same chemical composition made as a casting will have worse mechanical properties than, for example, a forged element. This depends on the microstructure, its fragmentation and its morphology. However, the costs of casting are lower than, for example, forging, and, in addition, not all shapes obtainable in the casting process can be made using metal–plastic working methods. This article presents research results concerning the influence of the burnishing process on the properties of the duplex cast steel surface layer. The purpose of the research was to verify the impact of static pressure roller burnishing (SPRB) parameters on the wear of the surface layer of duplex cast steel. The subject of the research was cast steel in the GX2CrNiMoN22-5-3 grade—according to PN-EN 10283:2019—that was burnished using 15 variants of technological parameters. Then, the samples were subjected to surface wear tests using the INSTRON 8874 device. On the basis of the observed wear appearances, the acting wear mechanisms are defined and evaluated according their contribution to the wear behavior. Detailed information about the wear phenomena will help industries to minimize their maintenance losses related to surface wear. The possibility of shaping surface properties by mechanical burnishing is part of the current direction of surface engineering development. This technology, combined with a high-potential material such as duplex cast steel, makes it possible to increase wear resistance.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Wear Behaviors of the Surface of Duplex Cast Steel after the Burnishing Process

Stradomski,

Fik,

Lis

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Recently, a special issue dedicated to advances in duplex stainless steels (DSSs) [14] presented mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in respect to composition and heat treatment, i.e., microstructures, [15,16], including welding innovations [17,18]. Special focus was placed on diffusive and diffusionless phase transformations due to the presence of the metastable austenitic phase and the instability of ferrite at high temperatures, potentially affecting corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on S32750 Duplex Steel Welded Joint Impact Toughness

et al. 2023

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The search for alternative materials that can be used for parts of aircraft hydraulic systems has led to the idea of applying S32750 duplex steel for this purpose. This steel is mainly used in the oil and gas, chemical, and food industries. The reasons for this lie in this material’s exceptional welding, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties. In order to verify this material’s suitability for aircraft engineering applications, it is necessary to investigate its behaviour at various temperatures since aircrafts operate at a wide range of temperatures. For this reason, the effect of temperatures in the range from +20 °C to −80 °C on impact toughness was investigated in the case of S32750 duplex steel and its welded joints. Testing was performed using an instrumented pendulum to obtain force–time and energy–time diagrams, which allowed for more detailed assessment of the effect of testing temperature on total impact energy and its components of crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy. Testing was performed on standard Charpy specimens extracted from base metal (BM), welded metal (WM), and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The results of these tests indicated high values of both crack initiation and propagation energies at room temperature for all the zones (BM, WM, and HAZ) and sufficient levels of crack propagation and total impact energies above −50 °C. In addition, fractography was conducted through optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating ductile vs. cleavage fracture surface areas, which corresponded well with the impact toughness values. The results of this research confirm that the use of S32750 duplex steel in the manufacturing of aircraft hydraulic systems has considerable potential, and future work should confirm this.

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Effects of preheating on laser beam–welded NSSC 2120 lean duplex steel

Landowski,

Simon,

Breznay

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Duplex stainless steels show sustainable alternative for the conventional austenitic grades, with higher strength, higher resistance against stress corrosion cracking, and lower purchase cost. Thus, duplex stainless steel gains more attention in construction, oil and gas, and chemical industries. Among duplex stainless steels, low nickel and low molybdenum alloyed lean duplex stainless steel are a cost-effective substitution of austenitic grades. However, keeping the balanced ferrite/austenite phase ratio in the weld metal can be challenging, mostly for autogenous and low heat input welding processes. In our research, a newly developed NSSC 2120 lean duplex stainless steel grade was welded autogenously by fiber laser welding process. Different welding parameters and preheating temperatures were used during the experiments. The welds were evaluated by microscopic and metallographic techniques, and also by electrochemical corrosion measurements. The welding parameters and the preheating temperature greatly influenced the weld shape and the austenite content in the weld metal. It was found that the focus point distance from the sheet surface had significant effect on the weld geometry. Changing the focus point distance to + 2 mm, the penetration depth increased from 4.96 to 5.53 mm, and increased the austenite content by 2.6%. Due to the preheating the welds became wider and shallower, e.g., from 4.96 to 4.08 mm penetration depth, while the cross-section are increased from 5.10 to 6.12 mm2 at the same sample. The preheating resulted in more intergranular austenite formation, which meant maximum 4% increase in the weld metal. The increasing austenite content resulted in increasing pitting corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl electrolyte, the highest increase was 90 mV.

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Advances in Duplex Stainless Steels

Abstract: Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are a group of stainless steels characterized by a biphasic microstructure consisting of ferrite and austenite [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Wear Behaviors of the Surface of Duplex Cast Steel after the Burnishing Process

Wear Behaviors of the Surface of Duplex Cast Steel after the Burnishing Process

Effect of Temperature on S32750 Duplex Steel Welded Joint Impact Toughness

Effects of preheating on laser beam–welded NSSC 2120 lean duplex steel

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