Advances in Doxorubicin-based nano-drug delivery system in triple negative breast cancer

Abstract

Triple positive breast cancer (TPBC) is one of the most aggressive breast cancer. Due to the unique cell phenotype, aggressiveness, metastatic potential and lack of receptors or targets, chemotherapy is the choice of treatment for TNBC. Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the representative agents of anthracycline chemotherapy, has better efficacy in patients with metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). DOX in anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens have higher response rates. Nano-drug delivery systems possess unique targeting and ability of co-load, deliver and release chemotherapeutic drugs, active gene fragments and immune enhancing factors to effectively inhibit or kill tumor cells. Therefore, advances in nano-drug delivery systems for DOX therapy have attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers. In this article, we have reviewed the progress of nano-drug delivery systems (e.g., Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Micelles, Nanogels, Dendrimers, Exosomes, etc.) applied to DOX in the treatment of TNBC. We also summarize the current progress of clinical trials of DOX combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIS) for the treatment of TNBC. The merits, demerits and future development of nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of TNBC are also envisioned, with the aim of providing a new class of safe and efficient thoughts for the treatment of TNBC.

Recent Progress of Multifunctional Molecular Probes for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Theranostics

“…Poly (acrylic acid)-g-PEG, i.e., PAA-g-PEG, copolymeric micelles carrying DOX were developed by Sun et al [ 58 ] for an efficient reduction in lung metastasis and 4T1 mouse breast-tumor growth. The effective delivery of therapeutic agents such as DOX, paclitaxel, and miRNA to the tumor site with the help of nanocarriers achieves an efficient loading and release of the drugs as well as increasing the enrichment and utilization of the drugs at the lesion site [ 59 ].…”

New Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Peptide–Doxorubicin Conjugates: Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Activity

“…Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutical drug that kills tumor cells by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II [12]. It has been verified that DOX is highly effective on various malignant tumors, including brain, liver, and lung cancers [13,14], which makes it one of the most commonly used models of antineoplastic drugs for constructing tumortargeted DDS [15,16]. L T7 (HAIYPRH) is a TfR homing peptide screened from the 7-mer phage display library, and its binding site for TfR is distinct from that of Tf [17], which can help to avoid competitive inhibition by endogenous Tf [18].…”

A Nanorobotics-Based Approach of Breast Cancer in the Nanotechnology Era

“…Advances in efficient nano-DDSs design are becoming more and more suitable for differentiating between healthy and cancer cells to inhibit or kill cancer cells, by increasing the local concentration or efficiency of drug molecules exclusively in the targeted organelles, cells, tissues or organs, minimizing systemic cytotoxicity or undesirable adverse effects [26] and assuring the effective and prolonged release of chemotherapeutic drugs, active gene fragments and immune enhancing factors [27]. Nanoparticles (NPs) [28], liposomes [29], micelles, nanogels, dendrimers, exosomes and other nano-DDS for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery, among other drugs used in chemotherapy, can be used in the treatment of various BC subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is known to be highly aggressive and recurrent [30].…”