Advances in diagnosis and prediction for aggression of pure solid T1 lung cancer

Abstract

A growing number of early-stage lung cancers presenting as malignant pulmonary nodules have been diagnosed because of the increased adoption of low-dose spiral computed tomography. But pure solid T1 lung cancer with ≤3 cm in the greatest dimension is not always at an early stage, despite its small size. This type of cancer can be highly aggressive and is associated with pathological involvement, metastasis, postoperative relapse, and even death. However, it is easily misdiagnosed or delay diagnosed in clinics and thus poses a serious threat to human health. The percentage of nodal or extrathoracic metastases has been reported to be >20% in T1 lung cancer. As such, understanding and identifying the aggressive characteristics of pure solid T1 lung cancer is crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies, and beneficial to improving the prognosis. With the widespread of lung cancer screening, these highly invasive pure solid T1 lung cancer will become the main advanced lung cancer in future. However, there is limited information regarding precision medicine on how to identify these “early-stage” aggressive lung cancers. To provide clinicians with new insights into early recognition and intervention of the highly invasive pure solid T1 lung cancer, this review summarizes its clinical characteristics, imaging, pathology, gene alterations, immune microenvironment, multi-omics, and current techniques for diagnosis and prediction.

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Lung Cancer to Kidney Cancer: A Review of the Literature and Our Experience

“…A total of 37 studies dealing with other topics, such as neuroimaging, pathology or other anatomic localizations, were excluded; the last screening examined the full texts. Finally, we included eight articles in our review (Table 2) [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99].…”

“…Unfortunately, brain metastases are diagnosed in up to 30% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and between 3 and 17% of patients with ccRCC. Moreover, 5% of patients with metastatic kidney cancer and 28% of those with metastatic NSCLC may harbor metastatic occult brain disease [ 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. These data once again underline the importance of whole-body imaging staging.…”