Advances in Dengue Vaccine: A Review Study

Abstract

Dengue is now a global burden with about 3.97 billion people living in 128 countries at risk and 400 million infections occurring every year. Four closely related serotypes have been implicated in the global burden: DENV 1-4. It has been reported that there are serotype specific differences in clinical manifestations. This systematic review is based on PRISMA guidelines. It discusses two types of DENV vaccine based on inclusion criteria: Tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) and dengue DNA vaccine that are in clinical studies. A number of studies evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of TDV especially Sanofi Pasteur's CYD-TDV. Most of the studies reported that the vaccine candidate is safe and elicit efficient neutralizing antibody. As part of the global effort to develop DENV vaccine, the US National Institute of Health also initiated a program which culminated in the development of a monovalent dengue vaccine candidate called rDEN4∆30. Five different formulation were evaluated in clinical studies. Only a paper described a randomized controlled study of DENV DNA vaccine. It reported that the vaccine candidate is safe at the given dose. Studies are needed to evaluate the immunological profile of dengue vaccine in children and those in endemic areas. The future of DENV vaccine effort looks bright and it is hoped that soon an efficient DENV vaccine will be available for human use.