Advances in cost-effective integrated spectrometers

Li, Ang; Yao, Changhong; Xia, Junfei; Wang, Huijie; Cheng, Qixiang; Penty, R.V.; Fainman, Yeshaiahu; Pan, Shilong

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00853-1

Cited by 100 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Nevertheless, their bulky sizes and delicate systems make them ill-suited for use outside of laboratories. Driven by the ever-growing demand for instantaneous and cost-effective spectroscopic analysis, integrated spectrometers have attracted tremendous research interest . The chip-scale miniaturization of spectrometers may reshape the landscape of spectroscopy and open up new opportunities for applications that require in situ characterization or high-density integration, e.g., food safety detection, hyperspectral imaging, intelligent health monitoring, and lab-on-a-chip .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The channelization method is discussed in the SI, Section S6. The decorrelation property of the channelized A is evaluated with singular value decomposition (SVD), which is to decompose A into the product of two singular spaces (U, V) and a diagonal matrix (∑) 46 = A U V T (5) Singular values (σ i ) are the descending diagonal elements of ∑. We calculate the σ i curves with varying N ch , as shown in Figure 4e.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Qin

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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The chip-scale miniaturization of optical spectrometers may enable many potential applications, such as wearable health monitoring, field deployable biochemical sensing, dense hyperspectral imaging, and portable optical coherence tomography. However, the widespread use of integrated spectrometers is hampered by an inherent trade-off between resolutions and bandwidths. Here, a ground-breaking design strategy is proposed to overcome the bottleneck. The most noteworthy finding in this work is that, by simultaneously leveraging temporal and spatial decorrelations, a single micro-ring resonator (MRR) can serve as a spectrometer with an ultra-high-resolution across an ultrabroad bandwidth far exceeding the narrow free spectral range (FSR). The structure is based on a tunable MRR that supports TE 0 and TE 1 transverse modes. When tuning the MRR, the unknown spectrum is scanned by dual-mode resonances in a synchronized manner. The recorded signal is formed by "splicing" the responses of TE 0 and TE 1 . Due to the intermodal dispersion, all of the wavelength channels in the transmission matrix are sufficiently decorrelated beyond the FSR limit by cross-referring two matrix halves; thus, any arbitrary spectra can be retrieved by solving a linear inverse problem with preconditioned iterative optimizations. Experimental results demonstrate an ultrahigh resolution of <80 pm across an ultrabroad working bandwidth of >100 nm, which yields an ultralarge-wavelength channel capacity of 1250. The device footprint is also as compact as 20 × 35 μm 2 . These results represent the smallest-resolution-footprint product (≈0.056 pm•mm 2 ), the highest bandwidth-to-footprint ratio (≈0.14 nm μm −2 ), and the highest channel-to-footprint ratio (≈1.79 μm −2 ) ever demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Qin

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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“…Optical spectrometry is a powerful analysis tool in scientific research and in industry. Traditional laboratory spectrometer systems with strong analytic ability have bulky optical components, moving parts, and long path lengths, which cannot meet the requirement of the rapidly growing applications of mobile and portable detection [167]. Miniaturized spectrometers are very attractive in the applications where low cost, lightweight, and tailorable optoelectronic characteristics are preferred.…”

Section: Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic photodiodes: device engineering and applications

Shan

Hou

Yin

et al. 2022

Front. Optoelectron.

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Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have shown great promise for potential applications in optical imaging, sensing, and communication due to their wide-range tunable photoelectrical properties, low-temperature facile processes, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Extensive research work has been carried out on exploring materials, device structures, physical mechanisms, and processing approaches to improve the performance of OPDs to the level of their inorganic counterparts. In addition, various system prototypes have been built based on the exhibited and attractive features of OPDs. It is vital to link the device optimal design and engineering to the system requirements and examine the existing deficiencies of OPDs towards practical applications, so this review starts from discussions on the required key performance metrics for different envisioned applications. Then the fundamentals of the OPD device structures and operation mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the latest development of OPDs for improving the key performance merits is reviewed. Finally, the trials of OPDs for various applications including wearable medical diagnostics, optical imagers, spectrometers, and light communications are reviewed, and both the promises and challenges are revealed. Graphical Abstract

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“…The spectrum of Cs 3d shows two peaks located at 724. 3 The device structure of the photodetector based on the printed perovskite film is illustrated in Figure 2a. Mo electrodes were first deposited by physical vapor deposition with a channel width of 20 μm and length of 30 μm on the flexible PET substrate.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miniaturized spectrometers with advantages of portability and low cost and power consumption have attracted much attention due to their potential in advanced application scenarios, including wearable devices, hyperspectral imaging, and internet of things. − Computational spectrum reconstruction based on a series of response-modulated photodetectors with a gradient bandgap is one of the most promising methods for achieving such miniaturized spectroscopy systems. − For instance, Yang et al successfully demonstrate a miniaturized spectrometer at the scale of tens of micrometers using a single compositionally graded CdS x Se 1– x nanowire . Recently, halide perovskites have also been used in photodetectors for human visual-like spectrum projection, full-color detection, and multispectral recognition owing to their outstanding properties such as facile solution-process fabrication, excellent light harvesting coefficients, and tunable bandgaps. − Xu et al demonstrated a miniaturized multispectral detector based on a composition-gradient perovskite microwire detector array, offering a response edge ranging from 450 to 790 nm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Microspectrometers Based on Printed Perovskite Pixels with Graded Bandgaps

Huang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Miniaturized spectrometers have attracted much attention due to their capability to detect spectral information within a small size. However, such technology still faces challenges including large-scale preparation and performance repeatability. In this work, we overcome these challenges by demonstrating a microspectrometer constructed with a series of pixelized graded-bandgap perovskite photodetectors fabricated with inkjet printing. High-quality perovskite films with minimal pinholes and large grains are deposited by optimizing printing conditions including substrate temperature and surface modification. The resulting perovskite photodetectors show decent photosensing performance, and the different photodetectors based on perovskite films with different bandgaps exhibit various spectral responsivities with different cutoff wavelength edges. Microspectrometers are then constructed with the array of the pixelized graded-bandgap perovskite photodetectors, and incident spectra are algorithmically reconstructed by combining their output currents. The reconstruction performance of the miniaturized spectrometer is evaluated by comparing the results to the spectral curve measured with a commercial bulky spectrometer, indicating a reliable spectral reconstruction with a resolution of around 10 nm. More significantly, the miniaturized spectrometers are successfully fabricated on polymer substrates, and they demonstrate excellent mechanical flexibility. Therefore, this work provides a flexible miniaturized spectrometer with large-scale fabricability, which is promising for emerging applications including wearable devices, hyperspectral imaging, and internet of things.

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Advances in cost-effective integrated spectrometers

Cited by 100 publications

References 108 publications

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Organic photodiodes: device engineering and applications

Flexible Microspectrometers Based on Printed Perovskite Pixels with Graded Bandgaps

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