Advances in cold cathode physics and technology

Nation, J. A.; Schächter, Levi; Mako, F.; Len, L. K.; Peter, W.; Tang, Cha‐Mei; Srinivasan-Rao, T.

doi:10.1109/5.757258

Cited by 99 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Improving the vacuum near the cathode will minimize this effect. Field emitter arrays, ferroelectrics, and secondary electron emitters have the potential to overcome the limitations found with photocathodes for producing high average currents [19]. At the present time, the latter is the most promising.…”

Section: Electron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent advances in electron and positron sources

Clendenin¹

2001

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Recent advances in electron and positron sources have resulted in new capabilities driven in most cases by the increasing demands of advanced accelerating systems. Electron sources for brighter beams and for high average-current beams are described. The status and remaining challenges for polarized electron beams are also discussed. For positron sources, recent activity in the development of polarized positron beams for future colliders is reviewed. Finally, a new proposal for combining laser cooling with beam polarization is presented. Abstract. Recent advances in electron and positron sources have resulted in new capabilities driven in most cases by the increasing demands of advanced accelerating systems. Electron sources for brighter beams and for high average-current beams are described. The status and remaining challenges for polarized electron beams are also discussed. For positron sources, recent activity in the development of polarized positron beams for future colliders is reviewed. Finally, a new proposal for combining laser cooling with beam polarization is presented. Invited talk presented at

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Section: Electron Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent advances in electron and positron sources

Clendenin¹

2001

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Over the past several decades, Spindt-type tip emitters [2] fabricated from a variety of metallic and semiconducting materials have been studied [3,4]. However, field emission devices have not found widespread use in practical applications due to low total current caused by strongly non-uniform emission and reliability issues involving tip erosion and degradation caused by excessive anode heating, the subject of the present work.…”

Section: Nomenclature Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of Anode Heating Due to Electron Field Emission

Harris

Walker

Fisher

et al. 2004

Microscale Thermophysical Engineering

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Recent advances in cold cathode field emitters have produced improvements in emission efficiency and thus enhanced the applicability of such devices. This article considers heating due to electron field emission from a polycrystalline diamond cathode. Temperature measurements from infrared thermography reveal highly localized heating due to nonuniform emission from the cathode. Power dissipation of 0.36 W produces a peak temperature increase of 12.5 K on the back surface of the water-cooled anode. Parameter estimation techniques are employed to predict the effective size of the heat source and the fraction of total power that is dissipated near hot spots. The estimates indicate effective heated radii of order 1 mm and power fractions in the range of 25% to 50%.Keywords electron field emission, anode heating, electron beam Significant progress has been achieved in recent years in the creation of electron field emission devices with reduced turn-on voltages and increased current density. Much of this progress is a consequence of novel materials and synthesis techniques that enable the fabrication of nanometer-scale features to produce extremely large electric-field enhancement. Applications for these new devices include electron sources for flat-panel displays, power diodes, and microwave circuit components. The large local current densities and (still) relatively large operating voltages of these devices cause substantial local heating of the anode. In the present work, anode heating due to electron emission from a polycrystalline diamond cathode is studied experimentally to determine the magnitude and localization of heating in a practical configuration.Electron field emission has been studied for nearly the past one hundred years. Fowler and Nordheim [1] first developed a theory for the electron tunnelling mechanism

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“…8,9 Because the multipactor is an avalanche procedure, it is possible to make highly intense cold electron beams if certain resonance conditions are satisfied. One of the most suitable designs for this purpose may be the dcbiased single-surface multipactor, where both dc and ac fields are perpendicular to the emission surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the energy spread of secondary electrons in a dc-biased single-surface multipactor

Hur

Kim²,

Jeon³

2011

Physics of Plasmas

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The effects of the energy spread of secondary electrons are theoretically investigated for a dc-biased single-surface multipactor. In our previous publication ͓S. G. Jeon et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 073101 ͑2009͔͒, we obtained the conditions for the phase lock of an electron bunch, assuming zero velocity spread of the secondary electrons. In this work, we extended our previous theory to derive a quadratic map, by which the stability and bifurcation of the electron bunch can be systematically investigated. For the study of the energy spread of the secondary electrons, a randomized term was added to this map. The modified map then showed significant smearing-out of the bifurcated branches. The theoretical results were verified by particle-in-cell simulations, which showed good agreement in wide parameter ranges for both cases of monoenergetic and energy-spread secondary electrons.

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Advances in cold cathode physics and technology

Cited by 99 publications

References 108 publications

Recent advances in electron and positron sources

Recent advances in electron and positron sources

Experimental Characterization of Anode Heating Due to Electron Field Emission

Effects of the energy spread of secondary electrons in a dc-biased single-surface multipactor

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