Advances in chromogenic materials and devices

Granqvist, Claes‐Göran; Green, Sara; Niklasson, Gunnar A.; Mlyuka, Nuru R.; Kraemer, Sophie von; Georén, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.08.058

Cited by 191 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Note in this respect the various application and technology areas for fenestration of today and tomorrow (Jelle et al [33]), including windows being able to control the solar radiation transmission throughput, i.e. smart windows (Baetens et al [2], Granqvist [21][22], Granqvist et al [23], Jelle and Hagen [30][31], Jelle et al [32], Lampert [44][45][46]). Potential new hazards, such as downfall of snow and ice, representing a risk for people passing beneath the roof, and undesirable snow accumulation or snowdrift, e.g.…”

Section: Background Snow and Ice On Roofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of removing snow downfall on photovoltaic solar cell roofs in order to maximize solar energy efficiency—Research opportunities for the future

Jelle

2013

Energy and Buildings

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The challenge of removing snow downfall on photovoltaic solar cell roofs, also including solar thermal panels and walls, in order to maximize the solar energy efficiency, is investigated. A special emphasis is given on possible research opportunities for the future. As the application of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products is increasing, it is becoming more important to solve this challenge in order to maximize the solar energy harvesting from buildings. In addition, a solution within this field, may also be utilized in other areas, e.g. for window roofs and traffic signs which are often concealed by snow and ice. Various ideas and possible steps towards a solution of the challenge are discussed, which may then in turn set in motion creative thinking and problem solving paths with new follow-up investigations. Several aspects with snow covering solar panels are treated and discussed, including possible paths towards a working solution. Furthermore, this work presents the compilation and discussion of an experimental method for measuring friction between snow/ice and various building roof surfaces. Some results from these experimental investigations are discussed, including a slip angle and a friction coefficient classification system for roofing types and material surfaces with respect to snow and ice.

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Section: Background Snow and Ice On Roofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of removing snow downfall on photovoltaic solar cell roofs in order to maximize solar energy efficiency—Research opportunities for the future

Jelle

2013

Energy and Buildings

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“…This work aims to cover all main types of fenestration products, including multilayer glazing (Manz 2008), vacuum glazing (Eames 2008, Fang et al 2009), frames (Applefield et al 2010), electrochromic windows (Baetens et al 2010a, Granqvist 1995, Granqvist 2007, Granqvist et al 2010, Jelle et al 1999, Lampert 1984, Lampert 1998, Lampert 2004, solar cell glazing (Octillion 2010), aerogels (Baetens et al 2011, Schultz et al 2005, low-emissivity (low-e) coatings (Chiba 2005, Reidinger et al 2009) and spacers (Song et al 2007). However, mechanically operated fenestration parts, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenestration of today and tomorrow: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities

Jelle

Hynd

Gustavsen

et al. 2012

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

442

216

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Fenestration of today is continuously being developed into the fenestration of tomorrow, hence offering a steadily increase of daylight and solar energy utilization and control, and at the same time providing a necessary climate screen with a satisfactory thermal comfort. Within this work a state-of-the-art market review of the best performing fenestration products has been carried out, along with an overview of possible future research opportunities for the fenestration industry. The focus of the market review was low thermal transmittance (Uvalue). The lowest centre-of-glass U g -values found was 0.28 W/(m 2 K) and 0.30 W/(m 2 K), which was from a suspended coating glazing product and an aerogel glazing product, respectively. However, the majority of high performance products found were triple glazed. The lowest frame U-value was 0.61 W/(m 2 K). Vacuum glazing, smart windows, solar cell glazing, window frames, self-cleaning glazing, low-emissivity coatings and spacers were also reviewed, thus also representing possibilities for controlling and harvesting the solar radiation energy. Currently, vacuum glazing, new spacer materials and solutions, electrochromic windows and aerogel glazing seem to have the largest potential for improving the thermal performance and daylight and solar properties in fenestration products. Aerogel glazing has the lowest potential U-values, ~ 0.1 W/(m 2 K), but requires further work to improve the visible transmittance. Electrochromic vaccum glazing and evacuated aerogel glazing are two vacuum related solutions which have a large potential. There may also be opportunities for completely new material innovations which could revolutionize the fenestration industry.

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“…The high performance windows can make use of a variety of chromogenic technologies, wherein the chromogenic term is used to indicate that optical properties can be changed in response to an external stimulus (Granqvist et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main chromogenic technologies are: electrochromics (EC) (depending on the application of a voltage or electric charge), the termochromics (TC) (depending on temperature), photochromics (dependent on light irradiation, usually in the ultraviolet range), and gasochromics (depending on exposure to reducing or oxidizing gases) (Carmody et al, 2004;Granqvist, 2006a;Granqvist et al, 2009Granqvist et al, , 2010. It is possible to have more than one of these technologies in the same glass (Granqvist et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates

et al. 2014

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Energy performance analysis of Electrochromic (EC) windows is carried out. EC glass and control strategies are modeled and implemented in ESP-r. EC windows are evaluated, on a test prototype, as an alternative to shading devices. Set-points and measured variables are used to control optical properties of EC glass. Within this context, the paper focuses on the energy savings that may occur when using electrochromic (EC) windows, an interesting emerging technology alternative to shading devices to control solar gain in buildings located in Mediterranean climates. The EC windows technology is briefly presented and the optical properties adjustments of the glasses are discussed according to the operated range. The EC window dynamic behavior and the different control strategies are modeled and implemented in the ESP-r building simulation program. The EC window impact in the energy needs for heating and cooling is studied, considering different ambient parameters (exterior dry bulb temperature, interior dry bulb temperature and incident radiation) and set points for the EC control. A comparison of several windows solutions (single, double-glazing and EC windows), the type of building, internal gains from occupancy, lighting and equipment and the orientation of windows are considered for discussion through the analysis of the energy needs for heating and cooling. It is concluded that for this climate the best positive results are obtained when the EC are used in the west façade. For the south façade the results show no significant advantages in using EC windows.

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Advances in chromogenic materials and devices

Cited by 191 publications

References 69 publications

The challenge of removing snow downfall on photovoltaic solar cell roofs in order to maximize solar energy efficiency—Research opportunities for the future

The challenge of removing snow downfall on photovoltaic solar cell roofs in order to maximize solar energy efficiency—Research opportunities for the future

Fenestration of today and tomorrow: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities

Evaluation of electrochromic windows impact in the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates

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