Advances in chitosan-based hydrogels: Evolution from covalently crosslinked systems to ionotropically crosslinked superabsorbents

Ravishankar, K.; Dhamodharan, R.

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104517

Cited by 79 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…In this regard, the values of the tensile strengths (5 to 40 MPa), the Young’s modulus (4.5 to 25 MPa) and the percent elongation-to-break (35% to 120%) are considered appropriate for wound dressings [ 82 ] and sufficient to provide enough mechanical support for angiogenesis and tissue remodeling process during wound healing which also help in preventing stress shielding [ 83 ]. Microwave interacts with hydrophilic domains of the polymers (OH/NH 2 , amide-I, amide-II) [ 84 ], which are responsible for development of extra inter and intra polymer linkages preferably through H-bonding and/or electrostatic interactions [ 85 ]. Formation of additional linkages translates into stiffness of the polymer matrix thus formed and enables deposition of polymer fibers in a specific geometric manner during drying process [ 86 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Enabled Physically Cross Linked Sodium Alginate and Pectin Film and Their Application in Combination with Modified Chitosan-Curcumin Nanoparticles. A Novel Strategy for 2nd Degree Burns Wound Healing in Animals

et al. 2021

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This study reports microwave assisted physically cross-linked sodium alginate and pectin film and their testing in combination with modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles for skin tissue regeneration following 2nd degree burn wound. Film was formulated by solution casting method and physically cross-linked using microwave irradiation at frequency of 2450 MHz, power 750 Watt for different time intervals for optimization. The optimized formulation was analyzed for various physiochemical attributes. Afterwards, the optimized film and optimized modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles were tested in combination for skin regeneration potential following burn wound in vivo and skin samples extracted and tested for different attributes. The results indicated that the optimized film formulation (5 min microwave treatment) physicochemical attributes significantly enhanced addressing the properties required of a wound healing platform. The vibrational analysis indicated that the optimized film experienced significant rigidification of hydrophilic domains while the hydrophobic domains underwent significant fluidization which also resulted in significant increase in the transition temperatures and system enthalpies of both polymer moieties with microwave treatment. The combined film and nanoparticles application significantly increased protein content in the wounds which were evident from higher absorbance ratios of amide-I and amide-II (2.15 ± 0.001), significantly higher melting transition temperature and enthalpy (∆T = 167.2 ± 15.4 °C, ∆H = 510.7 ± 20.1 J/g) and higher tensile strength (14.65 ± 0.8 MPa) with significantly enhanced percent re-epithelization (99.9934 ± 2.56) in comparison to other treatments. The combined application of film and nanoparticles may prove to be a new novel treatment strategy for 2nd degree burn wound healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Enabled Physically Cross Linked Sodium Alginate and Pectin Film and Their Application in Combination with Modified Chitosan-Curcumin Nanoparticles. A Novel Strategy for 2nd Degree Burns Wound Healing in Animals

et al. 2021

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“…Unlike physical crosslinking, the introduction of chemical crosslinking may provide good mechanical properties for chitosan hydrogel and allow the formation of chitosan hydrogels with homogeneous structure, making them promising candidates for long‐term applications. [ 156 ] ECH prefers to react with hydroxyl groups and it has been used to crosslink chitosan hydrogels. [ 178 ] Additionally, other crosslinkers such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether [ 179 ] and genipin [ 180 ] are more easily to be attacked by active amino groups of chitosan, forming 3D network structure.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Polysaccharide‐based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To alleviate this effect, tremendous efforts have been made to decrease the crosslinking density, leaving other functional groups for further chemical modifications. [ 156 ] The grafting method and its procedure parameters may affect the grafting density. Grafting of water‐soluble monomers on chitosan through free radical polymerization induced by potassium persulfate has been frequently employed to prepare chitosan hydrogels.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Polysaccharide‐based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chitosan polycations could serve as multifunctional crosslinkers, which undergo electrostatic crosslinking with suitable oppositely charged molecules. [ 156 ] It is worth noting that concentration, anionic crosslinker types (e.g., polyelectrolytes or small molecules), as well as concentration and degree of substitution of chitosan derivatives, could affect the behavior of the gelation. TPP has already been used to crosslink alginate.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Polysaccharide‐based Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in polysaccharide‐based hydrogels for synthesis and applications

Lin

2021

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140

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Hydrogels are three‐dimensional (3D) crosslinked hydrophilic polymer networks that have garnered tremendous interests in many fields, including water treatment, energy storage, and regenerative medicine. However, conventional synthetic polymer hydrogels have poor biocompatibility. In this context, polysaccharides, a class of renewable natural materials with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, have been utilized as building blocks to yield polysaccharide‐based hydrogels through physical and/or chemical crosslinking of polysaccharides via a variety of monomers or ions. These polysaccharide‐derived hydrogels exhibit peculiar physicochemical properties and excellent mechanical properties due to their unique structures and abundant functional groups. This review focuses on recent advances in synthesis and applications of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels by capitalizing on a set of biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose, alginate, chitosan, and cyclodextrins [CDs]). First, we introduce the design and synthesis principles for crafting polysaccharide‐based hydrogels. Second, polysaccharide‐based hydrogels that are interconnected via various crosslinking strategies (e.g., physical crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and double networking) are summarized. In particular, the introduction of noncovalent and/or dynamic covalent interactions imparts polysaccharide‐based hydrogels with a myriad of intriguing performances (e.g., stimuli–response and self‐recovery). Third, the diverse applications of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels in self‐healing, sensory, supercapacitor, battery, drug delivery, wound healing, tissues engineering, and bioimaging fields are discussed. Finally, the perspectives of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels that promote their future design to enable new functions and applications are outlined.

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“…It can be covalent or ionic, depending on the cross-linking agent used. The covalent cross-linking of chitosan is a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of permanent covalent bonds between the cross-linking agent and the polysaccharide chains 14 . One of the best covalent cross-linkers is epichlorohydrin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of air-lift adsorber with a floating filling from a cross-linked chitosan hydrogels for Reactive Black 5 removal

Jóźwiak

Filipkowska

2021

Sci Rep

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This work substantially extends knowledge on the possibilities of treating colored industrial wastewater via sorption under flow conditions. The presented study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye sorption from aqueous solutions under dynamic (flow) conditions in an unconventional air-lift type loop reactor with a filling made of hydrogel chitosan sorbents. The dye was removed from mono-component solutions (deionized water + RB5) and synthetic dyeing wastewater containing RB5 dye, NaCl (3 g/L), and an anti-creasing agent—UNICREASE JET (2 g/L). The sorbents tested in the study included: unmodified chitosan (CHs), chitosan ionically cross-linked with sodium citrate (CHs-CIT), and chitosan covalently cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (CHs-ECH). Each experimental series aimed to determine: the bed break-through time (CE = 0.1 C0), time of depletion of the sorbent’s sorption properties (CE = C0), and maximal sorption capacity of the sorbents (Qmax). The data obtained under dynamic conditions were described using Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bohart–Adams models. The volume of the solution effectively treated in the air-lift reactor was significantly affected by chitosan sorbent type. At C0 = 50 mg RB5/L, the adsorber with the filling made of 1 g d.m. CHs allowed for the effective treatment of 4.6 L of synthetic wastewater (Qmax = 1504.7 mg/g), whereas CHs-ECH ensured 34.6 L of the treated solution (Qmax = 3212.9 mg/g).

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Advances in chitosan-based hydrogels: Evolution from covalently crosslinked systems to ionotropically crosslinked superabsorbents

Cited by 79 publications

References 128 publications

Microwave Enabled Physically Cross Linked Sodium Alginate and Pectin Film and Their Application in Combination with Modified Chitosan-Curcumin Nanoparticles. A Novel Strategy for 2nd Degree Burns Wound Healing in Animals

Microwave Enabled Physically Cross Linked Sodium Alginate and Pectin Film and Their Application in Combination with Modified Chitosan-Curcumin Nanoparticles. A Novel Strategy for 2nd Degree Burns Wound Healing in Animals

Recent advances in polysaccharide‐based hydrogels for synthesis and applications

The use of air-lift adsorber with a floating filling from a cross-linked chitosan hydrogels for Reactive Black 5 removal

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