Advances in Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Bioinks with Decellularized Cartilage and Three-Dimensional Printing

Abstract

Osteoarthritis, a chronic, debilitating, and painful disease, is one of the leading causes of disability and socioeconomic burden, with an estimated 250 million people affected worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for osteoarthritis and treatments for joint disease require improvements. To address the challenge of improving cartilage repair and regeneration, three-dimensional (3D) printing for tissue engineering purposes has been developed. In this review, emerging technologies are presented with an overview of bioprinting, cartilage structure, current treatment options, decellularization, bioinks, and recent progress in the field of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)–bioink composites is discussed. The optimization of tissue engineering approaches using 3D-bioprinted biological scaffolds with dECM incorporated to create novel bioinks is an innovative strategy to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. Challenges and future directions that may lead to innovative improvements to currently available treatments for cartilage regeneration are presented.

Fabrication of a Novel 3D Extrusion Bioink Containing Processed Human Articular Cartilage Matrix for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

“…Other reports have demonstrated that the use of cartilage-derived extracellular matrix in the bioink similarly had a positive effect upon chondrocyte proliferation and ECM production [45,46]. Our findings are similar to previous studies involving bioinks with animal-derived cartilage powder [47]. Wu et al investigated a bioink made of alginate, porcine articular decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and stem cells from rabbit adipose tissue, and found an increase in cell aggregation and SOX9 expression [48].…”

Pioneering nanomedicine in orthopedic treatment care: a review of current research and practices

“…Hydrogels are injectable nanoscale polymeric networks made up of gelatin or collagen, with the capability to consolidate and take on the required form of the issue after embedding. When hydrogels are injected with chondrocytes, they form cartilage-like ECM with increasing mechanical improvement as a result of the ongoing formation of a glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix ( Ahmadian et al, 2023 ; Guo et al, 2023 ; Stone et al, 2023 ).…”