Advances in Carbon Materials Applied to Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) are some of the most promising devices for capturing photovoltaic energy. Efficiency has increased from single digits to a certified 25.7%, an unprecedented improvement for any solar cell technology. Incorporating carbon materials into perovskite solar cells promises to be revolutionary in the solar cell field by increasing stability, decreasing manufacturing costs, and making them attractive for commercialization. Here, an overview of the advances in carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C–PSCs) that incorporate different carbon materials as back contact on different device architectures is presented. An overview of PSC architectures and high‐ and low‐temperature C–PSCs is provided. Additionally, recent advances in the main carbon materials applied in the field, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, and biocarbon, are presented. Finally, a summary of carbon materials applied to C–PSCs is provided.

Application of Carbon Materials in Conductive Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Therefore, GN, CNTs, and/or functionalized GN and CNTs realize multiple applications as conductive electrodes. [38,39] The PSCs using GN as top electrodes not only yield an impressive efficiency of 22.8%, but also show exceptional long-term operational stability. [40] The PSCs assembled with CNT transparent electrodes achieve an efficiency of 19%, showing excellent mechanical flexibility and scalable application potential.…”

“…Transforming the waste into high-value carbon materials provides a new idea for the sustainable development of PSCs. Although many reviews have summarized the utilization of carbon materials in PSCs, such as enhancing the stability of PSCs through carbon electrodes, [41] investigating charge transport materials for carbon-based PSCs, [42] exploring the structure and classification of carbon-based PSCs, [43] evaluating the application of carbon materials in various functional layers [39,44,45] and overviewing carbon-based inorganic PSCs, [46] they fail to consider the influence of the intrinsic characteristics of the carbon materials on their application. Herein, the compatibility of carbon materials as conductive electrodes in PSCs, along with the associated challenges, regulatory strategies and device performance are systematically discussed in terms of their intrinsic characteristics.…”

Approaches for fault passion in perovskites that for improved solar efficiency

“…Additionally, PSCs have a far higher yearly rate of expansion (10.1%) than silica and thin-film photovoltaic cells (a rate of fewer than 3.5%), indicating a high possibility of performance [12]. The use of low-cost ingredients, cheap-temperature manufacturing, ubiquitous solution processes, and the capability of roll-to-roll manufacturing on flexible substrates provide both easy manufacturing and inexpensive manufacturing costs [13]. It additionally seems important to note that comparable PV approaches' levelled expense of energy (LCOE), when computed, has been determined to be greater than the PSC panels' (12% efficiency, 15-year lifespan), around 0.05 percent USD/kWh [14].…”

20.1 % Certified Efficiency of Planar Hole Transport Layer‐Free Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Spacer Cation Chain Length Engineering of 2D Perovskites

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Compared to tradi-tional PSCs containing hole transport layers (HTL) and metal electrodes, the planar triple-layer HTL-free carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), with a simplified device structure, have outstanding advantages in terms of low cost and high stability. [7][8][9][10][11][12] There are only three stacked layers in this device, including an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a carbon electrode, and the preparation process does not require any high-temperature (> 200 °C) or vacuum processes. [13] This greatly simplifies the device structure and is very conducive to large-scale fabrication.…”