Advances in camel genomics and their applications: A review

Ramadan, Sherif; Inoue‐Murayama, Miho

doi:10.5924/abgri.45.49

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The small camelids originate from the Andin Mountains of South America. The large camelids are represented by two domesticated species, the one-humped camel (dromedary) and the two-humped camel (Bactrian) [ 1 ]. Camels are multipurpose animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of FGF21 Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Camels

Gao

Zhao

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Life

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With the ability to survive under drought and chronic hunger, camels display a unique regulation characteristic of lipid metabolism. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a peptide hormone that regulates metabolic pathways, especially lipid metabolism, which was considered as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. To understand the FGF21 expression pattern and its potential relationship with lipid metabolism in camels, this study investigated the distribution and expression of FGF21, receptor FGFR1, and two lipid metabolism markers, leptin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The results showed that FGF21 was widely expressed in camel central nerve tissue and peripheral organs but absent in lung and gametogenic tissue, including the testis, epididymis, and ovary. In striated muscle, FGF21 is only present at the fiber junction. FGFR1 is expressed in almost all tissues and cells, indicating that all tissues are responsive to FGF21 and other FGF-mediated signals. Leptin and HSL are mainly located in metabolic and energy-consuming organs. In the CNS, leptin and HSL showed a similar expression pattern with FGFR1. In addition, leptin expression is extremely high in the bronchial epithelium, which may be due to its role in the immune responses of respiratory mucosa, in addition to fat stores and energy balance. This study found that FGF21 showed active expression in the nervous system of camels, which may be related to the adaptability of camels to arid environments and the specific regulation of lipid metabolism. This study showed a special FGF21-mediated fat conversion pattern in camels and provides a reference for developing a potential therapeutic method for fat metabolism disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of FGF21 Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Camels

Gao

Zhao

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Life

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“…There is a continuous increase in the total number of camels used for milk production, mainly Camelus dromedarius [6], and this is accompanied by a noticeable increase in annual camel milk production [2]. In fact, in 2010 alone, about 5.25 million camels produced 2.12 million tons of milk [7]. Camels represent an important protein source for many humans in some parts of the world [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Composition Variations of the Milk from Different Camel Breeds in Saudi Arabia

El-Hanafy

Saad

Alkarim

et al. 2023

Sci

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With the increasing interest in the identification of differences between camel breeds over the last decade, this study was conducted to estimate the variability of milk production and composition of four Saudi camel breeds during different seasons. Milk records were taken two days per week from females of Majahem, Safra, Wadha, and Hamra breeds distributed over Saudi Arabia. The milk yield during winter indicated that the weekly average of the Wadha breed was significantly lower (27.13 kg/week) than Majahem and Hamra breeds. The Safra breed had the lowest milk yield (30.7 kg/week) during summer. During winter, the Hamra breed had a lower content of all analyzed milk components except proteins and was characterized by a lower pH than the milk of the other breeds. However, the Hamra breed had significantly higher contents of milk fat and lactose than the other breeds during summer, with the corresponding values of 3.87 and 4.86%, respectively. Milk collected during winter from Majahem, Safra, and Wadha breeds was characterized by a significant increase in all milk components and milk pH. Finally, the isoelectric focusing analysis revealed noticeable variability of casein purified from camel milk within the different Saudi breeds, with the highest significant value of 2.29 g per 100 mL recorded for the Wadha breed.

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“…In Egypt, the average number of camels in 2019 was about 119,885, distributed among five breeds: Maghrebi, Somali, Sudani, Fellahi or Baladi and Mowaled. These breeds are used for different purposes (Ramadan and Murayama 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Relationship Between Arabian Camel Breeds Based on Sequencing of Heat-Stress Genes under Egyptian Conditions

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), which is domesticated in semi-desert environments in Egypt, is one of the neglected animals in the scientific community. Although, it is the best model for studying acclimatization as it is well adapted to withstand severe drought and high temperatures and survive for long periods. Many physiological and behavioral aspects were found to play a role in such adaptations. At the molecular level, it is well known that heat shock genes play an important role in thermotolerance of camels. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate relationship among the most dominant breeds in Egypt (Fellahi, Maghrebi and Sudani) in order to determine the phylogenetic relationship based on sequences of two heat stress genes (HSP family B (small) member 9: HSPB9 and HSP 70 kDa 1B: HSPA1B). Both genes were isolated and partially sequenced from Fellahi, Maghrebi and Sudani Egyptian breeds. It has been deposited in the NCBI database with accession numbers MZ243318, MZ243319, MZ243320, MZ851990 and MZ851991. By studying the phylogenetic tree based on HSPB9 gene sequence, our results showed that Maghrebi and Sudani breeds are closely related whereas, Fellahi breed was found to be more related to the reference breed on database. Relying on HSPA1B gene sequence, it was found that Maghrebi breed is closely related to wild strain (Camelus ferus). Additionally, Fellahi breed was separated into distinct group with reference breed, which indicates strength of its relationship to reference origin.

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Advances in camel genomics and their applications: A review

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Localization of FGF21 Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Camels

Localization of FGF21 Protein and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Camels

Yield and Composition Variations of the Milk from Different Camel Breeds in Saudi Arabia

Evolutionary Relationship Between Arabian Camel Breeds Based on Sequencing of Heat-Stress Genes under Egyptian Conditions

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