Advances in blood–brain barrier-crossing nanomedicine for anti-glioma

Abstract

Glioma is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the highest and most deadly type of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, affecting a significant number of patients each year, with a median overall survival of approximately 14.6 months after diagnosis. Despite intensive treatment, nearly all GBM patients experience recurrence, with a 5-year survival rate of about 5%. The protective BBB and high tumor heterogeneity prevent the effective delivery of drugs, resulting in the treatment failure of various drugs. The emergence of nanometer-scale diagnosis and treatment methods has provided new promising approaches to overcome these difficulties. Thus, our review focuses on the development of BBB-crossing nanomedicine-enhanced chemotherapy and combined therapy applications for glioma. Meanwhile, we also reviewed the strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier. Additionally, we discuss recent achievements in the area of brain tumor treatment with nanomedicine and the rational design approach, which will offer recommendations for anti-GBM nanomedicine development.

Amrubicin encapsulated PLGA NPs inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by activating PTEN and inducing apoptosis in TMZ-resistant Glioma

“…In the context of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the hemato-encephalic barrier (HEB) emerges as a potentially more accessible target for drug delivery compared to the BBB [9]. The HEB encompasses the barrier surrounding GBM tumor cells, regulating molecular transport between the bloodstream and the brain parenchyma [10]. Strategies aimed at enhancing HEB permeability, such as functionalized nanocarriers or focused ultrasound, offer potential avenues for improving drug delivery to GBM lesions, circumventing the limitations associated with BBB traversal.…”