Advances in Battery Technology: Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries and Novel Negative-Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Although the lithium battery is well established, the physicochemical characteristics of Li (dendritic deposition and susceptibility to passivation) limited the commercial application of reliable, rechargable lithium batteries. This limitation may be challenged with the development of new anodic materials—such as the lithiated graphite–metal oxide cell illustrated—or even the step to magnesium‐based batteries, as outlined in this Highlight.

Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Stability Studies of Two Lithium Sulfonyl Methide Salts in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes

“…dimethyl-, diethyl-and ethyl-methyl carbonate). 11,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, with increasing demands on the electrolyte regarding thermal and/or electrochemical stability, the limitations of such electrolyte mixtures are unraveled. 11,26,27 Alternative electrolyte compositions that depict certain improvements compared to the state-of-the-art electrolyte are still required to fulfil the following properties: a sufficient ionic conductivity to transport the lithium ions, the ability to form an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphitic anode [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] which enables stable cycling in the low potential range as well as inertness toward aluminum to avoid anodic dissolution of the current collector on the cathode side.…”

Mg2+ Storage in Organic Positive-electrode Active Material Based on 2,5-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone

“…As a replacement for lithium, the use of magnesium as a carrier ion is an option 15 because magnesium resources in the earth's crust are more widely distributed and more abundant. 4 In addition, magnesium metal is less reactive to water and oxygen in an ambient atmosphere than lithium metal, so nonaqueous batteries based on magnesium may be safer and more reliable than those based on lithium if we intend to tap the high energy density of metallic negative electrodes.As for the corresponding positive-electrode active material, only a few types of inorganic material are known to store magnesium ions reversibly.15 This is presumably because the divalent magnesium ion, Mg 2+ , interacts more strongly with the rigid lattice than monovalent cations and hardly diffuses in inorganic crystals. The objective of the present study was to see if the lattice of a redox-active organic crystal, in which the molecules generally interact with each other through weak intermolecular forces, could accommodate Mg 2+ ions electrochemically and reversibly and thus serve as an active material in the positive electrode of the magnesium battery.…”

Corrosion and Discharge Behaviors of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn-In Alloys as Anode Materials

“…Considerable investigations have been conducted to clarify the corrosion mechanism and to achieve desirable corrosion resistance by designing and developing alloys of high corrosion resistance, inhibitors, and coatings [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In addition, the desirable electrochemical properties of magnesium, including highly negative standard potential (´2.34 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)), high theoretical specific charge capacity (2.2 A¨h/g), high theoretical energy density (3.8 A¨h/cm 3 ) [13] make it an ideal anode material for cathodic protection and power sources [14][15][16][17]. Some other particular features, such as low toxicity and the allowance for urban waste disposal in comparison to lithium, make magnesium an attractive candidate as a high-energy storage electrode in the battery field [18].…”