Advances in aptamers against Aβ and applications in Aβ detection and regulation for Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, causing profound social and economic implications. Early diagnosis and treatment of AD have faced great challenges due to the slow and hidden onset. β-amyloid (Aβ) protein has been considered an important biomarker and therapeutic target for AD. Therefore, non-invasive, simple, rapid and real-time detection methods for AD biomarkers are particularly favored. With the development of Aβ aptamers, the specific recognition between aptamers and Aβ plays a significant role in AD theranostics. On the one hand, aptamers are applied to construct biosensors for Aβ detection, which provides possibilities for early diagnosis of AD. On the other hand, aptamers are used for regulating Aβ aggregation process, which provides potential strategies for AD treatment. Many excellent reviews have summarized aptamers for neurodegenerative diseases or biosensors using specific recognition probes for Aβ detection applications in AD. In this review, we highlight the crucial role of the design, classification and applications of aptamers on Aβ detection as well as inhibition of Aβ aggregation for AD.

Construction of a DNA Nanoassembly Based on Spatially Ordered Recognition Elements for Inhibiting β-Amyloid Aggregation

“…Our previous work also showed that Apt 42 could not bind to Aβ 40 monomers, but it recognized Aβ 42 and Aβ 40 aggregates (oligomers and fibril) with various affinities, although Apt 42 was screened specifically for Aβ 42 monomers. 39,60 The weak interaction between Apt 42 and AβM may be not enough to resist the intermolecular interaction of AβM. So, the effect of regulating AβM fibrillation was insufficient.…”

Aptamer-Based Targeted Protein Degradation

“…Aptamers extracted by affinity screening from the oligonucleotide library containing 10 14 –10 15 random sequences by in vitro SELEX technology can theoretically bind an unlimited range of targets, including proteins associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, , and inflammation, among many others. Most TPD technologies cannot degrade cell membrane proteins, but numerous aptamers can bind them with high specificity and affinity. , These aptamers are expected to provide more possibilities for membrane protein degradation.…”

Signal “On-Amplified-Off” Strategy Based on Hafnium Dioxide Nanomaterials as Electrochemiluminescence Emitters for Progesterone Detection

“…Aptamers are short oligonucleotide sequences that are screened in vitro to specifically bind to target molecules such as proteins or small molecules. , They offer advantages over antibodies, including simple chemical synthesis or modification, high stability, easy storage, and a wide range of target recognition. , Their high affinity and selectivity render them ideal for numerous applications, including cell imaging, disease treatment, and biosensor analysis. − An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor, created by combining an aptamer as a recognition module with the ECL technology, offers superior sensitivity, low background signal, simple operation, and rapid analysis. , An ECL aptasensor typically immobilizes the aptamer onto an electrode surface and employs a luminescent molecule to label it. The emergence of the ECL aptasensor has immensely enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of analyzing small molecular targets such as toxins, antibiotics, and hormones. − …”