Advances in applications of color Doppler ultrasonography in the andrological assessment of domestic animals: A review

Samir, Haney; Radwan, Faten; Watanabe, Gen

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.002

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Ultrasonography of the reproductive system, especially scrotal ultrasonography is very important to monitor the breeding potentials and diagnose various testicular affections. Recent advances in Doppler applications have enabled researchers and veterinarians to properly assess the structural and functional aspects of the testis (Araujo and Ginther 2009;Samir et al 2021;El-Sherbiny et al 2022a, 2022b. Doppler ultrasonography is a good diagnostic method that provides both anatomical and velocimetric information on blood perfusion to the testis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doppler ultrasonography is a good diagnostic method that provides both anatomical and velocimetric information on blood perfusion to the testis. Adequate blood ow to the testis is very important because it is the main pathway for delivering nutrients, oxygen, regulatory hormones, and other secretory products to and from the testicular tissues (Pozor and McDonnell 2004;Samir et al 2021). Blood ow also plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of testicular temperature (Junior et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of xylazine sedation on testicular blood flow, testicular echotexture, and circulating hormones in Shiba goats

et al. 2022

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Under eld conditions, sedation may be required for a full assessment of the reproductive potential of farm animals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of xylazine sedation on testicular hemodynamics (TBF), echotexture, testicular volume (TV), and circulating hormones in goats. Sixteen male Shiba goats were sedated using the recommended dose of xylazine (0.05 mg/Kg BW). Testicular hemodynamics were evaluated using color pulsed Doppler ultrasonography before and after sedation. Echotexture of the testicular parenchyma and TV were assessed using computerized image analysis.Concentrations of testosterone, estradiol (E2), inhibin, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured using radioimmunoassay. There were no effects of xylazine sedation in TBF, TV, testicular parenchyma parameters, testosterone, inhibin, FSH, and LH (P 0.05). However, after sedation, there was signi cantly (P 0.05) lower cortisol and E2 concentration (42.88 ± 6.79 ng/ml and 2.47 ± 0.58 pg/ml, respectively) than before sedation (94.89 ± 13.74 ng/ml and 8.65 ± 1.79 pg/ml, respectively). The required time to perform full scanning of the testis was signi cantly lower (8.50 ± 1.50 min) after xylazine sedation compared to the non-sedated goats (25.75 ± 4.57 min). In conclusion, xylazine sedation may be practically recommended for the evaluation of TBF in goats because it did not signi cantly alter velocities parameters and Doppler indices of blood ow within the testicular arteries. Most plasma hormones did not signi cantly change; however, E2 and cortisol were signi cantly reduced after xylazine administration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of xylazine sedation on testicular blood flow, testicular echotexture, and circulating hormones in Shiba goats

et al. 2022

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“…High values of Doppler indices have also been described in cases of severe hydrocele and chronic non-strangulated inguinal hernia (Gracia-Calvo et al, 2015;Samir et al, 2021). Any reduction in the blood flow to the testis (herniation, testicular torsion, or varicocele) causes ischemic damage in the seminiferous tubules and can affect sperm production and quality.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Various Pathological Disorders In Stallionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its use is not very widespread among equine clinical practitioners in the field of reproduction, despite the fact that most portable equipment includes Doppler modalities. The relative lack of knowledge by practitioners about its potential applications to evaluate reproductive functions continues to limit its use in reproductive practice (Samir et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches

Ortega-Ferrusola

Gómez-Arrones

Martín-Cano

et al. 2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Ultrasound technology has led to new lines of research in equine reproduction, and it has helped to greatly improve clinical diagnosis and reproductive outcomes in equine practice. This review aims to discuss the potential clinical uses and new approaches of ultrasonography in equine reproduction. Doppler modalities are usually used to evaluate the vascularization of the follicles, corpus luteum (CL), and the uterus in the mare for diagnostic purposes. Inclusion of Doppler ultrasound in artificial insemination and embryo transfer programs could improve the reproductive outcome of these techniques. Better selection of recipients based on CL functionality, early pregnancy diagnosis 7-8 days postovulation of the donor before flushing or diagnosis of mares with endometritis with pathological increases of blood flow are examples of clinical applications in the mare. In the stallion, colour Doppler ultrasound has improved the diagnostic potential of B-mode ultrasound, improving the differential diagnosis of pathologies such as testicular torsion (decrease or absence of blood flow in the cord) and orchitis (increased blood flow in the cord). The incorporation of pulsed Doppler ultrasound into the reproductive evaluation of the stallion has enabled early identification of stallions with testicular dysfunction, thus allowing administration of timely treatment and subsequent improvements of the fertility prognosis for these animals.In addition, this technique has been used in the monitoring of patients undergoing medical and surgical treatments, thus verifying their efficacy. Recently, computerassisted pixel analysis using specific software has been performed in research work in order to semi-quantitatively evaluate the vascularization (colour and power Doppler) and echotexture of different organs. These softwares are now being developed for clinical purposes, as is the case with Ecotext, a computer program developed for the evaluation of testicular echotexture, providing information on testicular functionality.

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“…Doppler ultrasonography is a non‐invasive imaging technology for assessment of the physiological function of an organ by evaluating blood supply dynamics (Ginther, 2007; Samir et al., 2020). Measurement of TBF has become a reliable tool for estimating male fertility in various species (Bollwein et al., 2008; Gloria et al., 2018; Hedia, El‐Belely, Ismail, & Abo‐El‐Maaty, 2020; Samir et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin improves testicular haemodynamics, echotexture and testosterone production in Ossimi rams during the breeding season

El-Shalofy

Hedia

Kastelic

2021

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The objective was to determine effects of a single parenteral dose of melatonin on testicular blood flow indices, testicular echogenicity and plasma testosterone concentrations in rams during the physiological breeding season. We hypothesized that melatonin enhances testicular blood flow, echogenicity and plasma testosterone concentrations during the breeding season in rams. During the breeding season, 12 sexually mature Ossimi rams were randomly allocated to either a melatonin group (n = 8) that received 18 mg of melatonin in 1 ml of corn oil (injected SC) or a control group (n = 4) that received 1 ml corn oil only. Blood collection and ultrasonographic assessment of the testes and supratesticular arteries were conducted immediately before treatment (W0) and once weekly for 6 weeks after melatonin injection (W1‐W6). Mean plasma testosterone concentrations were greater (p < .05; at least 1 ng/ml) in the melatonin‐treated group compared to the control group from W4 to W6 after treatment. A decrease (p < .05) in both resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) began 1 week after melatonin injection (W1) and persisted until the end of the experiment, with mean RI and PI values in the melatonin group lower (p < .05) than those in the control group on W3 and W4. Furthermore, plasma testosterone concentrations in melatonin‐treated rams were inversely correlated to both RI and PI (r = −.7 and −.6, respectively, p < .01). Testicular echogenicity decreased (p < .05) 1 week after melatonin injection (W1) and remained lower (p < .05) in the melatonin‐treated group compared to the control group until the end of the study (W6). In conclusion, melatonin administration significantly altered testicular blood flow and echogenicity and increased plasma testosterone concentrations in Ossimi rams during the breeding season.

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Advances in applications of color Doppler ultrasonography in the andrological assessment of domestic animals: A review

Cited by 21 publications

References 91 publications

Effect of xylazine sedation on testicular blood flow, testicular echotexture, and circulating hormones in Shiba goats

Effect of xylazine sedation on testicular blood flow, testicular echotexture, and circulating hormones in Shiba goats

Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches

Melatonin improves testicular haemodynamics, echotexture and testosterone production in Ossimi rams during the breeding season

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