“…When modeling the OOC system, the cell type, microfluidic design carrying the proper nutrient delivery and oxygenation, ECM composition, shear stress, real-time sensor to monitor cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, readouts, and validation of results should be considered as shown in Figure . − Selecting the appropriate cell line, whether an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line or a primary cell line, is crucial for replicating the necessary cell–cell interactions to represent human biology accurately. Failure to incorporate specific cell lines for particular organs may lead to false positive results.…”