Advances in Amphibian Clinical Therapeutics

Chinnadurai, Sathya K.; Kane, Lauren P.

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.008

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since many procedures can cause discomfort or pain, some sedative and/or anesthetic substances have been tested in adults (MITCHELL, 2009;HERNÁNDEZ et al, 2012;CHINNADURAI & KANE, 2014) or tadpoles (KRASOWSKI et al, 2001). However, clove oil is lethal to Rhinella marina (HERNÁNDEZ et al, 2012) adults and causes respiratory depression in adult leopard frogs (Rana pipiens).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphibians are commonly exhibited in zoological collections and have a long history of veterinary care in captivity, primarily in research settings, because they are useful as animal models (MITCHELL, 2009;CHINNADURAI & KANE, 2014). The map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus), family Hylidae, is an amphibian found in the ecosystems of northern Brazil (PINHEIRO et al, 2012) and has potential use in scientific research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, synthetic products such as tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222), a mixture of ketamine/diazepam (HERNÁNDEZ et Salbego et al al., 2012), isoflurane, medetomidine, benzocaine, propofol (MITCHELL, 2009), a combination of medetomidine/ketamine/meloxicam/butorphanol, meloxicam (CHAI, 2015), sevoflurane, ketamine/ diazepam (CHINNADURAI & KANE, 2014) and opioids (STEVENS, 2004) have been studied. Several studies have been performed using adults (MITCHELL, 2009;CHINNADURAI & KANE, 2014), but tadpoles also have been used to identify new anesthetics for amphibians because tadpoles have the same receptors as adults (KRASOWSKI et al, 2001) and because a lower amount of compounds can be used for the tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

et al. 2017

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The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200µL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50µL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200µL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100µL L-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

et al. 2017

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“…The use of baths to administer drugs to large groups of diseased or at-risk animals is suitable as a treatment regimen and preventive measure [ 11 – 13 ]. Due to the large number, small size, and stress susceptibility of captive frogs, intramuscular and intravenous injection methods are difficult to achieve [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the gut microbiota diversity of brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) after an antibiotic bath

et al. 2021

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Background Captive amphibians frequently receive antibiotic baths to control bacterial diseases. The potential collateral effect of these antibiotics on the microbiota of frogs is largely unknown. To date, studies have mainly relied on oral administration to examine the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota; in contrast, little is known regarding the effects of bath-applied antibiotics on the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota compositions of the gentamicin, recovery, and control groups were compared by Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and the functional profiles were analysed using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Furthermore, the relationship between the structure and predicted functional composition of the gut microbiota was determined. Results The alpha diversity indices were significantly reduced by the gentamicin bath, illustrating that this treatment significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota. After 7 days, the gut microbiota of the recovery group was not significantly different from that of the gentamicin group. Forty-four indicator taxa were selected at the genus level, comprising 42 indicators representing the control group and 2 indicators representing the gentamicin and recovery groups. Potential pathogenic bacteria of the genera Aeromonas, Citrobacter, and Chryseobacterium were significantly depleted after the gentamicin bath. There was no significant positive association between the community composition and functional composition of the gut microbiota in the gentamicin or control frogs, indicating that the functional redundancy of the gut bacterial community was high. Conclusions Gentamicin significantly changed the structure of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii, and the gut microbiota exhibited weak resilience. However, the gentamicin bath did not change the functional composition of the gut microbiota of R. dybowskii, and there was no significant correlation between the structural composition and the functional composition of the gut microbiota.

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“…The permeability of amphibian skin, however, offers a unique opportunity for transdermal drug absorption following topical administration. The skin is a major interface of gas, water, and electrolyte exchange for many amphibians, and any drug applied to the skin has potential for systemic uptake [ 8 , 9 ]. For amphibians, recommendations are available for transdermal use of multiple classes of therapeutics including antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics, anesthetics, analgesics, and nutritional supplements [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Flunixin Meglumine Following a Single Dose in Marine Toads (Rhinella marina)

Scott

Louis

Balko

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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Transdermal administration is an important method of pharmacologic drug therapy in amphibians, made possible by their unique skin physiology and permeability. Despite this, there are relatively few studies that investigate transdermal pharmacokinetics in amphibians. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin meglumine applied topically to marine toads (Rhinella marina). Twenty-one adult marine toads were administered flunixin meglumine (3.3 mg/kg) topically on their dorsum and randomized (n = 7/group) to blood collection at two timepoints from the following: 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours (h), using a sparse sampling protocol. Plasma was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were analyzed individually and reported as a mean of the samples at each timepoint. The mean peak plasma concentration was 6.31 µg/ml, area under the curve was 29.37 μg-h/mL, and elimination half-life was 2.79 h. No adverse effects were noted in any animals. A subset of 12 animals were euthanized at serial timepoints and necropsied. Histopathology of skin and major organs revealed one minimal superficial lesion in a single toad potentially attributable to flunixin meglumine administration; otherwise, no other treatment-related lesions were observed in 11 of 12 toads. A single topical dose of transdermal flunixin meglumine was rapidly absorbed in marine toads in the current study, and peak plasma concentrations exceeded therapeutic ranges established in cattle with no significant pathologic findings.

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Advances in Amphibian Clinical Therapeutics

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

Anesthesia and sedation of map treefrog (Hypsiboas geographicus) tadpoles with essential oils

Changes in the gut microbiota diversity of brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) after an antibiotic bath

Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Flunixin Meglumine Following a Single Dose in Marine Toads (Rhinella marina)

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