Advances in Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Isolation, Characterization, and Application in Regenerative Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that has been extensively researched in recent times. Obesity is characterized by excess deposition of adipose tissue in response to surplus energy. Despite the negative connotations of adipose tissue (AT), it serves as a critical endocrine organ. Adipose tissue is a source of several adipokines and cytokines which have been deemed important for both normal metabolic function and disease formation. The discoveries of metabolically active brown AT in adult humans and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) have been key findings in the past decade with potential therapeutic implications. ADSCs represent an enticing pool of multipotent adult stem cells because of their noncontroversial nature, relative abundance, ease of isolation, and expandability. A decade and a half since the discovery of ADSCs, the scientific community is still working to uncover their therapeutic potential in a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent developments in the field of ADSCs and examine their potential use in transplantation and cell-based therapies for the regeneration of diseased organs and systems. We also hope to provide perspective on how to best utilize this readily available, powerful pool of stem cells in the future.

In vitro Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell into Insulin-Producing Cells

“…Also these cells expressed CD34 and CD13 as positive markers while CD45 and HLADR as negative markers. CD34 marker was reported in ISCT guidelines as specific positive marker for the MSC from the adipose tissue, while CD45, CD14 and HLADR as a negative marker [15].…”

Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke

“…Additionally, AD-MSCs exert suppressive effects on graft-versus-host disease, inflammation, and autoimmunity via cell-cell interactions or the secretion of immunomodulatory molecules AD-MSCs (Kokai et al, 2014). AD-MSCs can also release angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, trophic, and hematopoietic factors, which increase their potential to enhance tissue regeneration (Ong and Sugii, 2013; Pak et al, 2016; Wankhade et al, 2016). Thus, AD-MSCs are characterized by versatile differentiation, manifold immunobiological functions, paracrine secretion of cytokines, and migration to the injury sites, all of which increase the therapeutic utility of AD-MSCs in regenerative medicine (Kokai et al, 2014).…”

Stem Cells in Functional Bladder Engineering

“…Also the EC-ADSC and EC-MSC constructs exhibited more mature pericyte markers. Moreover, combinatory approaches such as genetic modification of MSCs to overexpress WNT-5 [103] or the co-administration of control-released bFGF along with ADSCs [104] may lead to a further improved bladder neo-vascularization. …”