Advances for the treatment of lower extremity arterial disease associated with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a major vascular complication of diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells dysfunction can exacerbate local ischemia, leading to a significant increase in amputation, disability, and even mortality in patients with diabetes combined with LEAD. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to explore proper and effective treatments. Conventional treatments of diabetic LEAD include lifestyle management, medication, open surgery, endovascular treatment, and amputation. As interdisciplinary research emerges, regenerative medicine strategies have provided new insights to treat chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Therapeutic angiogenesis strategies, such as delivering growth factors, stem cells, drugs to ischemic tissues, have also been proposed to treat LEAD by fundamentally stimulating multidimensional vascular regeneration. Recent years have seen the rapid growth of tissue engineering technology; tissue-engineered biomaterials have been used to study the treatment of LEAD, such as encapsulation of growth factors and drugs in hydrogel to facilitate the restoration of blood perfusion in ischemic tissues of animals. The primary purpose of this review is to introduce treatments and novel biomaterials development in LEAD. Firstly, the pathogenesis of LEAD is briefly described. Secondly, conventional therapies and therapeutic angiogenesis strategies of LEAD are discussed. Finally, recent research advances and future perspectives on biomaterials in LEAD are proposed.

Endovascular Revascularization Outcomes in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients With Type-Ii Diabetes Mellitus

“…It also affects the treatment success; it constitutes 70% of all ischemic-related lower extremity amputations in the US. Therefore, determining the optimal management strategy for PAD patients with diabetes is critical for patients and cardiovascular practitioners (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In this study, factors related to endovascular revascularization treatment success in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) and its outcomes were investigated and discussed with the current literature.…”