Advances and prospects of lasers developed from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures

Wang, Yue; Sun, Handong

doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.05.002

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 237 publications

(357 reference statements)

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“…For instance, Zhu et al demonstrated the wavelength‐tunable lasing from MAPbX 3 nanowires with pretty low lasing threshold (220 nJ cm −2 ) . Some closely related works of discussing the exciton photophysics and exciton lasing can refer to the reviews . Note that, besides the commonly studied photonic lasing, exciton–polariton lasers have also been realized by employing perovskite materials as discussed in Section .…”

Section: Photogenerated Free Charge Carrier: Transport Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites

2019

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their great success in photovoltaics (PVs), with a phenomenally rapid rise of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% [1] to over 23% [2,3] in the past few years. Such high PCE of perovskite solar cells has been ascribed to the ultralong carrier lifetimes, [4][5][6][7][8] long carrier diffusion lengths, [9][10][11][12][13][14] and the extraordinarily defect tolerance. [15][16][17] Following the success of perovskites in photovoltaics, research on light-emitting diodes (LEDs), [18,19] amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or lasers, [20][21][22][23][24] and photodetectors [25][26][27][28][29] have also gained substantial interests. Meanwhile, the rapid progress of MHPs on various applications spurred a flurry of photophysical studies in order to understand the origin of the high performance of these devices, of which the nature of the photoexcitation species has been mostly debated. [5,22,30,31] Since the photoexcitation states near the bandgap affect the key processes such as charge transport and light emission of optoelectronic devices, there is no doubt that the investigation of electronic excitations near the optical band edge is crucial for MHPs. Such knowledge is essential not only for understanding the correlation between the fundamental photophysics and device performances, but also offering a guideline for their further applications with improved performances. Generally, there are two kinds of photoexcitations near the band edge for direct bandgap semiconductors: free carriers and excitons. Exciton binding energy that reflects the Coulomb interaction strength between photoexcited electrons and holes determines the balance of the populations between the two species. Typically, inorganic semiconductors are free-carrier materials with the exciton binding energies only in few meV at room temperature and their excited states being populated principally by free carriers. While organic semiconductors are excitonic materials with the exciton binding energies in hundreds of meV and thus excitons prevailing in the excited states. Whereas, MHPs that combine some merits of organic and inorganic semiconductors seem to stand for an exotic class of semiconductors between these two limiting cases, with the experimentally determined exciton binding energy varying in a wide range of 2 to more than 50 meV for the prototype perovskite MAPbI 3 . [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Such large variations of the exciton binding energies reported for MHPs give rise to a strongly debated question, that is, whether free carriers or excitons are generated upon photoexcitation? In other words, what is the nature of the photoexcitation species Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently attracted great attention from the scientific community due to their excellent photovoltaic performance as well as their tremendous potential for other optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Despite the rapid progress in device applications, a solid unders...

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Section: Photogenerated Free Charge Carrier: Transport Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites

2019

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“…[67] This process involves exciton radiative recombination that competes with the deactivation of multiple exciton state by Auger recombination. [68] It was reported that the Auger recombination times for the CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) NCs were size and morphology dependent. [57] The biexciton Auger lifetime (τ) of 0D CsPbBr 3 NCs scales linearly with their volume (Figure 11e), and the biexciton Auger recombination rate (1/τ) can be expressed…”

Section: Lasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanorods: Shape Matters

et al. 2020

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have a soft and ionic lattice. [3] Such ionic nature makes it possible to conduct anion exchange reactions from one kind of perovskite NCs, for example CsPbBr 3 , to another and thus achieve particles with different compositions such as CsPbCl 3 , CsPbI 3 , and their mixed-anion alloys, which is changing to accomplish for conventional semiconductor NCs. This enables bandgap tuning over the whole visible and even near-infrared spectral ranges while maintaining the size and morphology of the resulting NCs. [4] However, their ionic nature also makes the growth rates of perovskites extremely fast, with a completion of the NC growth ranging from less than a second to a couple of seconds. [5] The fast growth rate makes it difficult to control the final shape of perovskite NCs, [6] which will be elaborated upon in detail in this article further below. Useful properties of 1D semiconductor nanorods (NRs) including linearly polarized light emission, reduced lasing threshold, and improved charge transport [6] make them stand out from semiconductor NCs of other morphologies in a variety of applications such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), lasers, solar cells and photocatalysis. [7] For example, aligned CdSe/CdS NRs incorporated in thin polymer films have been proposed as optical enhancement films to improve the brightness and broaden the color gamut of LCDs. [7b-d] In addition, CdSe/CdS, alloyed CdSe x S 1−x and CsPbBr 3 NRs have demonstrated a relatively low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold and a high net optical gain at a medium or low pump intensity, making them capable of producing lasing with low pumping thresholds. [7a,8] Furthermore, the 1D character of semiconductor NRs benefits efficient charge separation and provides specific spatial locations for selective deposition of other materials to realize 1D heterostructures, with prominent potentials in optoelectronics and photocatalysis. [9] Although there are a few documented attempts for the controlled chemical growth of perovskite NRs, [6b,7a,10] research into this area is still in its infancy. A high-degree of control during the synthesis of perovskite NRs in terms of size, aspect ratio, and performance, is not yet been fully realized. It is desirable to develop facile, robust, and scalable synthetic strategies for the preparation of high-quality perovskite NRs, to enrich the existing knowledge of their growth mechanisms, and to improve their optical and electronic properties that underpin their future applications. Quasi-1D metal halide perovskite nanorods (NRs) are emerging as a type of materials with remarkable optical and electronic properties. Research into this field is rapidly expanding and growing in the past several years, with significant advances in both mechanistic studies of their growth and widespread possible applications. Here, the recent advances in 1D metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on NRs. At first, the crystal structures of perovskites are elaborated, which is followed by a revi...

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“…Several optically pumped lasing devices based on NCs have been reported to date, exploiting different active materials, laser resonator geometries and realization procedures [23]. In order to ensure optimized lasing threshold it is mandatory to realize active materials with good optical quality, ensuring low propagation losses along the cavity.…”

Section: Hybrid Polymer: Ncs Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further works demonstrated the possibility to finely control not only the chemical compositions and the size of the NCs, but also their shape in order to realize elongated quantum rods [18], tetrapods [19], teardrops, branched tetrapods [20] and dot in rods NCs [21]. Further details on the synthesis, characterization and applications of II-VI colloidal NCs can be found in several excellent recent review papers [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-II-VI Nanocrystals Blends: Basic Physics and Device Applications to Lasers and LEDs

Anni

2019

Nanomaterials

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Hybrid thin films that combine organic conjugated molecules and semiconductors nanocrystals (NCs) have been deeply investigated in the previous years, due to their capability to provide an extremely broad tuning of their electronic and optical properties. In this paper we review the main aspects of the basic physics of the organic–inorganic interaction and the actual state of the art of lasers and light emitting diodes based on hybrid active materials.

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Advances and prospects of lasers developed from colloidal semiconductor nanostructures

Cited by 45 publications

References 237 publications

Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites

Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites

Metal Halide Perovskite Nanorods: Shape Matters

Polymer-II-VI Nanocrystals Blends: Basic Physics and Device Applications to Lasers and LEDs

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