Advances and Perspectives for Polyploidy Breeding in Orchids

Bolaños-Villegas, Pablo; Chen, Fure-Chyi

doi:10.3390/plants11111421

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Polyploidy plays a major role in driving species formation and facilitating the evolution of novel gene functions [48]. The dodecaploids show a higher number of genes with upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with their hexaploid counterparts, which may contribute to the enhanced environmental adaptability of dodecaploid plants [49]. The 2n = 12x plant regenerated in this study from the heat-shock treatment was taller than the original cultivar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

In Vitro Regeneration of Chrysanthemum from Ovaries and Ovules Treated with Thermal and Chemical Stimuli: Morphogenic and Cytogenetic Effects

Miler,

Tymoszuk,

Rewers

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) holds a prominent position in the market of ornamental plants. To further advance chrysanthemum breeding efforts, the development of haploids may be useful. Therefore, the effect of various chemical and thermal treatments on regeneration efficiency and ploidy level in chrysanthemum was studied. Ovaries and ovules of three chrysanthemum cultivars, i.e., ‘Brasil,’ ‘Capitola,’ and ‘Jewel Time Yellow,’ were cultured either on a medium with 1 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and different concentrations (0.5–1.5 mg·L−1) of thidiazuron (TDZ) or subjected to thermal shock (pretreatment temperature of 4 °C or 32 °C) and cultured on a medium with 1 mg·L−1 2,4-D and 1 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). It was found that ovaries had a greater organogenic potential (both in terms of callogenesis and shoot formation) than ovules. Microscopic analyses revealed that shoots mainly developed via indirect somatic embryogenesis from a callus developed from the ovary wall. The highest number of shoots was produced in cooled (at 4 °C) ovaries of chrysanthemum ‘Brasil’ and in ‘Jewel Time Yellow’ ovaries cultured on a medium with 1.0–1.5 mg·L−1 TDZ. The latter cultivar also had the highest potential to produce plants with an altered ploidy level (doubled and halved the number of chromosomes). This study demonstrates that manipulating factors such as temperature and thidiazuron concentration can enhance regeneration efficiency and induce altered ploidy levels in selected cultivars, offering valuable insights for chrysanthemum breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

In Vitro Regeneration of Chrysanthemum from Ovaries and Ovules Treated with Thermal and Chemical Stimuli: Morphogenic and Cytogenetic Effects

Miler,

Tymoszuk,

Rewers

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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“…Each species of the Orchidaceae family has a different chromosome number. The smallest is 12 in Erycina pusilla and the largest is 240 in Epidendrum cinnabarium [12]. Based on the figure 1, the chromosome number in D. stockelbuschii and D. sylvanum are 2n = 38.…”

Section: Number Of Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chromosome Analysis of Dendrobium stockelbuschii and Dendrobium sylvanum Orchids

Hartati,

Sukaya,

Isnaeni

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Dendrobium stockelbuschii and Dendrobium sylvanum orchids are in great demand in Indonesia because of their uniqueness. Plant breeders keep trying to breed this orchid to maintain its uniqueness. Cytological information of D. stockelbuschii and D. sylvanum helps plant breeders in the breeding process. This research aims to determine the cytological characteristics such as chromosome number, size, shape, and karyotype. This study was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University. Data analysis was carried out descriptively based on chromosome observations. The results show that both orchid species have several chromosomes 2n = 38. The average chromosome length in D. stockelbuschii was 1.84 ± 0.52 μm to 2.05 ± 0.54 μm and in D. sylvanum was 2.32 ± 0.64 μm to 2.60 ± 0.68 μm. D. stockelbuschii and D. sylvanum had an average karyotype pattern of 2n = 2x = 38 = 18m + 1sm. The intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1) value in both species tends to be metacentric, while the interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2) value in all species shows relatively tiny deviations in chromosome size.

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Polyploid Induction and Karyotype Analysis of Dendrobium officinale

et al. 2023

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Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is an orchid with both medicinal and edible values and a high economic value. The wild resources of D. officinale are in an endangered state. Compared with the wild D. officinale, cultivated D. officinale exhibits inferior quality and a low content of medicinal components. Polyploid induction is a conventional breeding tool for genome doubling of species, which can effectively increase the total amount of plant components to improve the medicinal efficacy of D. officinale. In this study, D. officinale tetraploids were generated by treating the protocorms with colchicine. Morphological observations showed that tetraploids exhibited decreased plant size and leaf shape index and increased stem diameter. Cytological observations showed that the polyploid plants had larger stomata and a lower number of stomata per unit area compared with normal plants. The highest stomata variation of 30.00% was observed when the plant was treated with 0.3% colchicine for 24 h. Chromosomal observations showed that treatment of plants with 0.2% colchicine for 48 h resulted in the highest tetraploid induction rate of 10.00%. A total of 10 tetraploids were successfully obtained by inducing plant protoplasts with colchicine. The number of diploid D. officinale chromosomes was 38 with a base number of 19, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 38 = 24m + 14sm with a karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 60.59%, belonging to type 2B. The number of tetraploid D. officinale chromosomes was 76 with a base number of 19, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 4x = 76 = 58m + 18sm with a karyotype asymmetry coefficient of 60.04%, belonging to type 2B. This study determined the optimal mutagenesis treatment based on the chromosome observation results, investigated the relationship between the phenotype and ploidy level, and generated the polyploid germplasm of D. officinale, thereby laying the foundation for the breeding of new D. officinale cultivars enriched with compounds of medicinal value.

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Advances and Perspectives for Polyploidy Breeding in Orchids

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

In Vitro Regeneration of Chrysanthemum from Ovaries and Ovules Treated with Thermal and Chemical Stimuli: Morphogenic and Cytogenetic Effects

In Vitro Regeneration of Chrysanthemum from Ovaries and Ovules Treated with Thermal and Chemical Stimuli: Morphogenic and Cytogenetic Effects

Chromosome Analysis of Dendrobium stockelbuschii and Dendrobium sylvanum Orchids

Polyploid Induction and Karyotype Analysis of Dendrobium officinale

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