Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases

Abstract

Allergic diseases include asthma, atopic-dermatitis, allergic-rhinitis, drug hypersensitivity and food-allergy. During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting a considerable medical and socioeconomical-burden. A large fraction of allergic diseases is characterized by a type-2 immune response involving Th2 cells, type-2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and M2 macrophages. Biomarkers are valuable parameters for precision medicine as they provide information on the disease endotypes, clusters, precision diagnoses, identification of therapeutic targets, and monitoring of treatment efficacies. The availability of powerful omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis and network-based approaches can help the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. These biomarkers need to be accurately quantified using robust and reproducible methods, such as reliable and point-of-care systems. Ideally, samples should be collected using quick, cost-efficient and non-invasive methods. In recent years, a plethora of research has been directed towards finding novel biomarkers of allergic diseases. Promising biomarkers of type-2 allergic diseases include sputum eosinophils, serum periostin and exhaled nitric-oxide. Several other biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory mediators, miRNAs, eicosanoid molecules, epithelial barrier integrity, and microbiota changes are useful for diagnosis and monitoring of allergic diseases and can be quantified in serum, body-fluids and exhaled-air. Herein, we review recent studies on biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, chronic-urticaria, atopic-dermatitis, allergic-rhinitis, chronic-rhinosinusitis, food-allergies, anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity and allergen-immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss COVID-19 and allergic diseases within the perspective of biomarkers and recommendations on the management of allergic and asthmatic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Associations of Four sensitization patterns revealed by Latent Class Analysis with Clinical symptoms: A multi-center study of China

“…Given the complicated cross-reactions of allergic sensitization, studies to explore the associations between various allergens and clinical symptoms using machining learning methods, such as network analysis or latent class analysis, have been emerging as a hot topic. 28 , 29 However, most of them were performed in European countries, 11 , 12 and the evidence from the Asia area was scarce. China has the largest population around the world and wide geographical distribution in Asia, which results in significant individual heterogeneity of the associations between sensitization panels and clinical performance.…”

Identification of Key Genes and Molecular Pathways in Keratoconus: Integrating Text Mining and Bioinformatics Analysis

“…In the present study, GO enrichment analysis showed that the TMGs were significantly enriched in immune inflammatory response-related terms including regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process, immune response, immunoglobulin production and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antigen processing and presentation, and regulation of inflammatory response. Immune inflammatory response is one of the key links of allergic diseases [38]. These findings suggest that allergic diseases may participate in the development of KC through the immune inflammatory mechanisms.…”

Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study of Yupingfeng Powder in the Treatment of Allergic Diseases

“…Atopic dermatitis (also known as atopic eczema), food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis are the most common allergy-related diseases with similar epigenetic and physiopathological characteristics [22,23]. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown that the poor prognosis of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in early life greatly exacerbates the occurrence of later asthma and allergic rhinitis [1][2][3][4]24].…”