Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021

Agache, Ioana; Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ibon; Cojanu, Cătălina; Laculiceanu, Alexandru; Giacco, Stefano Del; Zemelka‐Wiącek, Magdalena; Kosowska, Anna; Akdiş, Cezmi A.; Jutel, Marek

doi:10.1111/all.15054

Cited by 97 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…Whether mucosal cryobiopsies can be used for this needs further exploration though. While post mortem samples can give valuable information, studies including such samples remain those of observational character, limiting the ability to draw causal conclusions, and improving the quality of airway specimens with new sampling techniques to further our understanding of airway pathology through in vivo studies is therefore much needed [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Cryobiopsies – A new Method for Studying Airway Pathology in Asthma

et al. 2022

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BackgroundIn vivo studies of airway pathology in obstructive lung disease are limited by poor quality of specimens obtained with forceps. Obtainment of cryobiopsies has increased diagnostic yield in cancer and interstitial lung disease but has not been used in patients with asthma. In a recent pilot study, we found mucosal cryobiopsies to be larger and more intact than conventional forceps biopsies.Aims and ObjectivesTo compare quality and safety of mucosal cryobiopsies versus conventional forceps biopsies in patients with asthma.MethodsEndobronchial biopsies were obtained with forceps and cryoprobe from patients with asthma not currently treated with inhaled steroids and evaluated histologically.ResultsA total of 240 cryobiopsies and 288 forceps biopsies were obtained from 48 patients. Bleeding from the biopsy site was common but self-limiting. No major complications related to the procedure were seen. Cryobiopsy cross areas were 4 times larger compared with forceps. Stretches of intact epithelium were detected in in all cryobiopsies compared to 33% in forceps biopsies. Further, the length of intact epithelium was on average 4 times longer in the cryobiopsies. Importantly, there was a good preservation of both antigens and mRNA in the cryobiopsies ensuring a suitability and robustness for immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridisation.ConclusionObtainment of mucosal cryobiopsies in patients with asthma is safe and yields biopsies that are significantly larger and morphologically better preserved compared with traditional forceps biopsies. The cryotechnique thus seems to be a promising tool for future in vivo studies of airway pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Cryobiopsies – A new Method for Studying Airway Pathology in Asthma

et al. 2022

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“…However, non-Th2-type asthma related to non-allergic asthma, which is characterized by emotion, obesity, environmental factors, such as air pollution including ozone, cigarette smoke and so on, may release cytokines such as Il-17 and IFN-γ by activation of Th1 cells, leading to neutrophilic inflammation, M1 macrophage, NKT cell recruitment to the airways and AHRs ( Castan et al, 2020 ; Agache et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, non-Th2-type asthma characterized by type I innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and type III innate lymphoid cells activation (ILC3) is most common in adult asthma.…”

Section: Asthma-associated Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Childhood Asthma

et al. 2022

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Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease in children characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. Childhood asthma is usually associated with allergy and atopy, unlike adult asthma, which is commonly associated with obesity, smoking, etc. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of childhood asthma also remains more challenging than adult asthma, such as many diseases showing similar symptoms may coexist and be confused with asthma. In terms of the treatment, although most childhood asthma can potentially be self-managed and controlled with drugs, approximately 5–10% of children suffer from severe uncontrolled asthma, which carries significant health and socioeconomic burdens. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of childhood asthma from a new perspective. Studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of respiratory diseases. In addition, altered expression of ncRNAs in blood, and in condensate of sputum or exhalation affects the progression of asthma via regulating immune response. In this review, we outline the regulation and pathogenesis of asthma and summarize the role of ncRNAs in childhood asthma. We also hold promise that ncRNAs may be used for the development of biomarkers and support a new therapeutic strategy for childhood asthma.

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“…Comorbid conditions (e.g. obesity), environmental triggers, and asthma phenotypes are important factors to consider when selecting the optimal therapy for personalized patient care ( 218 , 219 ). Moreover, increased knowledge about functions of airway and gut microbiota in respiratory diseases ( 94 ) obtained in the last decade adds a new level of complexity to effective asthma treatment ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Current Treatment Strategies For Asthma Symptom Prevention A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections

Flores-Torres

Samarasinghe

2022

Front. Allergy

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Graphical AbstractInterplay between infectious agents and allergic milieu. Respiratory infections caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. The immune milieu in allergic asthma may be both defective and protective during respiratory infections. Some bacteria are linked to steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma and an aberrant immune response. Thermotolerant fungi generally induces a T2 immune response in asthma and are linked to asthma severity and higher corticosteroid requirement. Steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma is associated with increased airway bacterial burden and reduced bacterial diversity. Corticosteroids and antibiotics induce dysbiosis in asthmatics, which may cause immune system alterations. Biologics and antivirals may be beneficial in some patients. However, the effect of eosinophil depletion on antiviral immunity in asthmatics remains unknown. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination are recommended in asthmatics, but pneumococcal vaccine benefits are still under debate.

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Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021

Cited by 97 publications

References 173 publications

Mucosal Cryobiopsies – A new Method for Studying Airway Pathology in Asthma

Mucosal Cryobiopsies – A new Method for Studying Airway Pathology in Asthma

Emerging Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Childhood Asthma

Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections

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