Advances and future directions of biochar characterization methods and applications

Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani; Mandal, Sanchita; Niazi, Nabeel Khan; Vithanage, Meththika; Parikh, Sanjai J.; Mukome, Fungai N.D.; Rizwan, Muhammad; Oleszczuk, Patryk; Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.; Bolan, Nanthi; Tsang, Daniel C.W.; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Ok, Yong Sik

doi:10.1080/10643389.2017.1421844

Cited by 229 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…Most biochars contain high amounts of soluble salts, and, hence, the EC of biochar is generally higher than most agricultural soils (Igalavithana et al 2018). Availability of soluble nutrient ions such as NO 3 − , K + , and Ca 2+ could be directly related to the soluble salt content and, hence, the EC of biochar when applied to soil.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Hossain

Bahar

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Biochar

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382

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Biochar, an environmentally friendly soil conditioner, is produced using several thermochemical processes. It has unique characteristics like high surface area, porosity, and surface charges. This paper reviews the fertilizer value of biochar, and its effects on soil properties, and nutrient use efficiency of crops. Biochar serves as an important source of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen in biochar produced from manures and wastes at low temperature (≤ 400 °C). The phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrient contents are higher in manure/waste biochars than those in crop residues and woody biochars. The nutrient contents and pH of biochar are positively correlated with pyrolysis temperature, except for nitrogen content. Biochar improves the nutrient retention capacity of soil, which depends on porosity and surface charge of biochar. Biochar increases nitrogen retention in soil by reducing leaching and gaseous loss, and also increases phosphorus availability by decreasing the leaching process in soil. However, for potassium and other nutrients, biochar shows inconsistent (positive and negative) impacts on soil. After addition of biochar, porosity, aggregate stability, and amount of water held in soil increase and bulk density decreases. Mostly, biochar increases soil pH and, thus, influences nutrient availability for plants. Biochar also alters soil biological properties by increasing microbial populations, enzyme activity, soil respiration, and microbial biomass. Finally, nutrient use efficiency and nutrient uptake improve with the application of biochar to soil. Thus, biochar can be a potential nutrient reservoir for plants and a good amendment to improve soil properties.

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Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Hossain

Bahar

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Biochar

Self Cite

382

125

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“…Moreover, it can provide details on the functional groups and hydrocarbons [78]. Moreover, it was considered that NMR was more suitable for analyzing BC containing C compounds than functional groups [79]. Hence, researchers commonly used both NMR and FT-IR to examine the structure and functional groups.…”

Section: Structure and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Biochar-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Biochar (BC) is a carbon-rich material produced from pyrolysis of biomass. In addition to its low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and low cost, BC has the desired advantages of well-developed mesoporous structure and abundant surface functional groups. In recent years, BC-based photocatalysts (BCPs) have played a significant role in many environmental fields. In this paper, we highlight the current progress and several exciting results of BCPs by focusing on their synthesis, characterization, mechanisms, and applications in wastewater treatment. Details on various preparation methods include sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal, ultrasound, calcination, and in situ methods are summarized and discussed. The underlying mechanisms and the applications of BCPs for different semiconductors are reviewed. Furthermore, some future trends and potentials are outlined.

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“…Depending on different research purposes and resource availability, the characterization methods for biochars can be divided into four categories, including bulk elemental composition analysis, physicochemical analysis, surface analysis, and structure/molecular identification (Igalavithana et al 2018). Bulk elemental composition analysis is usually conducted with an element analyzer to quantify O, C, N and S contents and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to measure metals.…”

Section: Biochars Characterization During Their Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental behavior of engineered biochars and their aging processes in soil

Duan

Oleszczuk

Pan

et al. 2019

Biochar

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In recent years, due to the broad application of biochars, the preparation, environmental behavior and aging processes of biochars have attracted wide attention globally, especially the modification of biochars. However, most of the studies only consider the improvement of biochar properties right after the modification, but neglect a complete evaluation of the longterm stability and eco-toxicity of these newly developed materials after entering the environment. With the development and utilization of biochars, engineered biochars (EngBCs) will soon enter the market, but its environmental risk still remains unclear. The literature does not provide adequate information on how aging of EngBCs will affect their properties, and indirectly impact the properties of soils (cycle of elements and organic matter). Therefore, this review paper summarizes the aging process and environmental risk of biochars, aiming at better understanding the interactions between EngBCs and soil components or pollutants. More importantly, this review is to point out the contradictory speculations of environmental behavior of EngBCs studied at the present stage. Due to the modification, the EngBCs stability may be significantly reduced. However, the formation of functional group on EngBCs will enhance their interaction with soil minerals to form biocharsmineral complex, and thus EngBCs could be protected. The impacts of EngBCs after entering the environment are also ambiguous. Therefore, understanding EngBCs environmental behavior is critical, which is helpful to reduce the potential risk and to produce EngBCs following the rule of sustainable development and safety to the environment.

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Advances and future directions of biochar characterization methods and applications

Cited by 229 publications

References 218 publications

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Recent Progress in Biochar-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications

Environmental behavior of engineered biochars and their aging processes in soil

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