Advancements in Sustainable Conductors: Exploring the Potential of Polybutadiene-Based Urethane and Eutectic Gallium Indium Composites for Autonomous Self-Healing, Stretchable, and Deformation-Resistant Electrical Applications

Abstract

In the burgeoningfield of wearable electronics, flexible and durable conductors that can maintain consistent electrical properties under various conditions are critically needed. This research investigates the potential of a composite material combining eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) with a polybutadiene-based urethane (PBU) to meet these demands. EGaIn is selected for its superior conductivity, which is attributed to its low melting point, allowing for consistent performance. However, the challenge lies in its integration with encapsulating polymers due to poor adhesion qualities and the complexity of treatment methods required for successful amalgamation. Moreover, the high cost of EGaIn poses additional hurdles for its practical application. Addressing these issues, our study introduces a novel EGaIn-PBU composite, which not only ensures robust electrical conductivity but also exhibits remarkable self-healing properties and recyclability, thus promising sustainability. The composite leverages the advantageous properties of both components: EGaIn offers reliable conductivity, and PBU provides flexibility and the ability to self-recover after damage, which are imperative for wearable applications. Additionally, the composite maintains exceptional electrical resistance stability, withstanding mechanical strains up to 135% without compromising performance. The material's self-healing capability is attributed to the autonomous mending properties of EGaIn and the reversible Diels-Alder reactions in the PBU matrix. The result is an efficient restoration of the composite’s original properties upon incurring damage. Furthermore, the composite's adaptability is showcased through its printability, allowing for precise patterning conducive to custom-designed wearable devices. Conclusively, the developed EGaIn-PBU composite represents a transformative advancement in flexible electronics, combining high performance with environmental friendliness.