Advancements in PSMA ligand radiolabeling for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review

Abstract

Prostate cancer(PCa), a leading global health concern, profoundly impacts millions of men worldwide. Progressing through two stages, it initially develops within the prostate and subsequently extends to vital organs such as lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and the liver. In the early phases, castration therapy is often employed to mitigate androgen effects. However, when prostate cancer becomes resistant to this treatment, alternative strategies become imperative. As diagnostic and treatment methodologies for prostate cancer continually advance, radioligand therapy (RLT) has emerged as a promising avenue, yielding noteworthy outcomes. The fundamental principle of RLT involves delivering radionuclide drugs to cancerous lesions through specific carriers or technologies. Subsequently, these radionuclide drugs release radioactive energy, facilitating the destruction of cancer cell tissues. At present, the positron emission tomography (PET) targeting PSMA has been widely developed for the use of diagnosis and staging of PCa. Notably, FDA-approved prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents, such as 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 177Lu-PSMA-617, represent significant milestones in enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy. This review emphasizes the current research status and outcomes of various radionuclide-labeled PSMA ligands. The objective is to provide valuable insights for the continued advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the realm of prostate cancer.

18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MR for Early Detection of Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in Very Low (≤ 0.5 ng/mL) Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

“…Moreover, the signi cant impact of PSMA-PET imaging on personalized treatment strategies is evident from our ndings (Yan et al, 2024) Despite the promising results, our study has several limitations that should be noted. First, the sample size was relatively small, with only 52 patients included in the nal analysis.…”

“…. The detection of recurrent disease at low PSA levels allows for timely and targeted interventions, such as local EBRT and ADT, which can signi cantly improve patient outcomes(Harsini et al, 2023;Yan et al, 2024). The treatment based on precise localization and characterization of recurrent lesions underscores the value of PSMA-PET imaging in the clinical management of PCa.…”