Advancements in multi-scale filler reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for improved impact strength: A review

Nanda, Tarun; Singh, Karanbir; Shelly, Daksh; Mehta, Rajeev

doi:10.1080/10408436.2020.1777934

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Nanoclay reinforced epoxy GFRPs show significant improvements in flexural and hygrothermal properties but lack in impact strength. [32][33][34] The present research aims to process epoxy-based GFRPs reinforced with multi-scale reinforcement, namely, (a) nanoclay (nano-reinforcement) and (b) PA fibers (micro-reinforcement) for improved impact strength. The present research extends the previously reported work by our research group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel epoxy‐based glass fiber reinforced composites containing compatibilized para‐aramid fibers and silanized nanoclay for improved impact strength

2021

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This research developed epoxy-based glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRPs) containing multi-scale fiber reinforcement comprising of silanized nanoclay (nano-reinforcement) and compatibilized para-aramid (PA) fibers (micro-reinforcement) for enhanced impact strength and tensile-flexural properties. VARIM technique was used for fabrication of GFRPs. Surface modification (silanization) of nanoclay was confirmed by FTIR and that of PA fibers was confirmed by SEM-EDS and FTIR. Dispersion/morphology of nanoclay in the processed nanocomposites was determined by XRD and TEM analysis.Three different methods were used for the compatibilization of PA fibers. All methods exhibited a substantial increase in impact strength without a decrease in flexural/tensile strength. Nanocomposite containing 1.0 phr MAH treated PA fibers and 2 phr silanized nanoclay showed the highest improvement in impact strength (34% higher than the reference composite) along with minor improvements in tensile strength (6%), and flexural modulus (13%). SEM micrographs of the fractured surface of impact test samples were used to identify the mechanisms/reasons for the improved mechanical performance of the newly developed GFRPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel epoxy‐based glass fiber reinforced composites containing compatibilized para‐aramid fibers and silanized nanoclay for improved impact strength

2021

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“…Wear resistance of glass fiber reinforced polymer/ carbon composites were widely improved with the optimum addition of nanofillers. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Scanning electron microscope examination [Cloisites 10A and 20A] under various loading conditions of I.30E [0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%] nanomer was studied. The results showed that the addition of I.30E Nanoclay enhanced the hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite with a maximum improvement of about 40% at 4 wt% of loading.…”

Section: Study About Tensile and Flexural Behavior Glass Fiber Reinfo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental degradation and mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites used in offshore applications

singh

Sharma

Chhibber

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Present study aims at the variation of mechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy composite under the effect of temperature, alkalinity, and rate of loading. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with plain epoxy and GFRP with 1–2% variation of Nanoclay were utilized for experimentation. Flexural testing of specimen at optimum percentage of Nanoclay in GFRP and epoxy was performed and after that pre-stretching of GFRP with plain epoxy and GFRP with optimum percentage of Nanoclay was conducted. Combined effect of moisture, alkali, and temperature on the degradation behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymers in different environments was studied. The macroscopic and microscopic behavior of the GFRP composite specimen and pure epoxy and Nanoclay reinforced epoxy exposed to varying hygrothermal loads has also been analyzed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the microscopic behavior of GFRP composites. X-Ray diffraction analysis of epoxy with 1%, 2%, and 3% Nanoclay addition was also performed. Tensile and flexural testing of specimen at different orientations such as 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° were also studied. At 0° orientation, maximum average flexural strength of 295.04 MPa and 481.69 MPa was observed for plain glass fiber reinforced polymer and 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer before hygrothermal loading. At 20% and 50% loading conditions the maximum flexural strength of 46.7 MPa for plain glass fiber reinforced polymer and 147.52 MPa for 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer was observed before hygrothermal conditions. Maximum degradation in tensile strength (384.78 MPa at 50% loading) for 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer after hygrothermal loading was observed in NaCl environment. Lower tensile strength observed for 1% of Nanoclay addition in pure epoxy as compared to the 0% and 2% mixing. There is decrease in tensile strength for specimen with 2% of Nanoclay in pure epoxy as compared to the 0% and 1% mixing. Tensile strength changed by moisture as well as mechanical loading of the glass composites. There is lesser degradation and significant increase in tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite was observed when it exposed for lesser time period while tensile strength significantly reduced when specimen was exposed for longer time (3000 hr). After degradation in four different environments (four tanks) for 30 days intervals, SEM analysis of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite at pre-stretching of 20% and 50% loading was observed. At 20% loading there is lesser damage of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite with the formation of small irregular lumps were observed while at 50% loading there is significant damage of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite with the formation of voids of epoxy was clearly observed during SEM analysis.

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“…Kumar et al [ 38 ] reviewed advancements in incorporating various renewable resources‐based flexible chains in improving the toughness of petroleum‐based EPs. Nanda et al [ 39 ] reviewed the influence of multi‐scale reinforcements on EP systems for enhancing impact strength. In a recently published paper, Mousavi et al [ 40 ] had a literature review on the toughening of EP systems using CSR particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent progress in improving the fracture toughness of epoxy‐based composites using carbonaceous nanofillers

et al. 2022

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Epoxy resins (EPs) exhibit various extraordinary properties, including significant mechanical and thermal properties, low shrinkage, and high chemical resistance, opening a wide window of different applications such as adhesives, paints, coatings, etc. By contrast, EPs also have the undesirable behavior of being brittle and cannot sufficiently resist against the initiation and growth of cracks. Efforts are being made to enhance the toughening of EPs without sacrificing their other desirable properties. With the advent of nanotechnology, improving the toughening of EPs has gained momentum by incorporating different modified and unmodified nanofillers into these polymers. Since the discovery of carbonaceous nanofillers, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr), significant progress has been made in the development of EP‐based composites incorporating these nanofillers and their hybrids. The current review presents research progress during the last six years on the toughening of EPs using CNTs, Gr, and CNT‐Gr hybrids. Special attention is given to the chemical functionalization of these nanofillers, which has been demonstrated over and over again to significantly affect nanofiller dispersion in the EP matrix and subsequently its fracture properties. Details on the various toughening mechanisms of EP‐based composites are further provided.

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Advancements in multi-scale filler reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for improved impact strength: A review

Cited by 46 publications

References 199 publications

Novel epoxy‐based glass fiber reinforced composites containing compatibilized para‐aramid fibers and silanized nanoclay for improved impact strength

Novel epoxy‐based glass fiber reinforced composites containing compatibilized para‐aramid fibers and silanized nanoclay for improved impact strength

Environmental degradation and mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites used in offshore applications

A review of recent progress in improving the fracture toughness of epoxy‐based composites using carbonaceous nanofillers

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