Advancements and Prospects in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Hybrid to All-Inorganic Materials

Abstract

Hybrid perovskites, materials composed of metals and organic substances in their structure, have emerged as potential materials for the new generation of photovoltaic cells due to a unique combination of optical, excitonic and electrical properties. Inspired by sensitization techniques on TiO2 substrates (DSSC), CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites were studied as a light-absorbing layer as well as an electron–hole pair generator. Photovoltaic cells based on per-ovskites have electron and hole transport layers (ETL and HTL, respectively), separated by an ac-tive layer composed of perovskite itself. Major advances subsequently came in the preparation methods of these devices and the development of different architectures, which resulted in an efficiency exceeding 23% in less than 10 years. Problems with stability are the main barrier to the large-scale production of hybrid perovskites. Partially or fully inorganic perovskites appear promising to circumvent the instability problem, among which the black perovskite phase CsPbI3 (α-CsPbI3) can be highlighted. In more advanced studies, a partial or total substitution of Pb by Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Cu or Ti is proposed to mitigate potential toxicity problems and maintain device efficiency.

Hexylammonium Acetate-Regulated Buried Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The existence of halogens, organic ions and under-coordinated metals at this buried interface can instigate interfacial chemical reactions [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The concealed interface also holds significant sway over the crystal growth dynamics of the upper perovskite films [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Hence, modifying the interface between SnO 2 and perovskite is crucially important to improve both the PCE and stability of the device [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Modeling and Simulation of MAPbI3-Based Solar Cells with SnS2 as the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and MoS2 as the Hole Transport Layer (HTL)

“…The development of perovskite solar cells (PSC) based on methylammonium leadiodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) is regarded as a significant achievement in the domain of solar photovoltaics over the past decade. , The emergence of perovskite solar cells has addressed the issues of high processing temperatures and significant material consumption associated with traditional silicon-based solar cells, which are costly to produce . The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these solar cells has seen a remarkable surge, climbing from 3.8% in 2009 to over 25% recently, but drops significantly to around 16% for large device areas at around 100 cm 2 .…”