Advancements and Challenges in Solid-State Battery Technology: An In-Depth Review of Solid Electrolytes and Anode Innovations

Abstract

The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in solid-state batteries (SSBs), with a focus on recent advancements in solid electrolytes and anodes. The paper begins with a background on the evolution from liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries to advanced SSBs, highlighting their enhanced safety and energy density. It addresses the increasing demand for efficient, safe energy storage in applications like electric vehicles and portable electronics. A major part of the paper analyzes solid electrolytes, key to SSB technology. It classifies solid electrolytes as polymer-based, oxide-based, and sulfide-based, discussing their distinct properties and application suitability. The review also covers advancements in anode materials for SSBs, exploring materials like lithium metal, silicon, and intermetallic compounds, focusing on their capacity, durability, and compatibility with solid electrolytes. It addresses challenges in integrating these anode materials, like the interface stability and lithium dendrite growth. This review includes a discussion on the latest analytical techniques, experimental studies, and computational models to understand and improve the anode–solid electrolyte interface. These are crucial for tackling interfacial resistance and ensuring SSBs’ long-term stability and efficiency. Concluding, the paper suggests future research and development directions, highlighting SSBs’ potential in revolutionizing energy storage technologies. This review serves as a vital resource for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in advanced battery technology development. It offers a detailed overview of materials and technologies shaping SSBs’ future, providing insights into current challenges and potential solutions in this rapidly evolving field.

Analysis of Pressure Characteristics of Ultra-High Specific Energy Lithium Metal Battery for Flying Electric Vehicles

“…When the surface of the electrode exceeds the deposition overpotential of the lithium metal, the solid phase lithium crystal core arises on the corresponding electrode surface of the electrode. The crystal core grows with the charging process and eventually grows into visible dendritic or needle-shaped dendrites [4][5][6][7][8]. Problems like the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites and the consumption of an electrolyte by the side reaction of lithium and an electrolyte add to the difficulties in the practical application of lithium metal batteries.…”

Quantifying Resistive and Diffusive Kinetic Limitations of Thiophosphate Composite Cathodes in All-Solid-State Batteries

“…The incorporation of SEs is believed to enable the usage of high-capacity negative electrode (anode) materials such as Li metal (3860 mAh g −1 ), provided that certain interfacial and chemomechanical challenges are resolved. 5,6 In terms of performance, this would result in an increase of the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 40% and 70%, respectively. 3 However, reaching this optimized state requires development of thick, high energy density positive electrodes (cathodes) for ASSBs.…”

Atmospheric Influences on Li6PS5Cl Separators and the Resulting Ionic Conductivity for All-Solid-State Batteries

“…1,[4][5][6] Herein, argyrodite Li 6 PS 5 Cl (LPSCl) is considered to be one of the most promising material candidates. [7][8][9][10] In addition to the procedural challenges within the assembly of sulfide-based ASSB cells, the process atmosphere has a defining role for industry-scale production. 2 The presence of moisture in the process atmosphere can lead to undesired reactions altering the structure of sulfide-based materials and can result in corrosion.…”