Advancement towards Antibiotic Remediation: Heterostructure and Composite materials

Abstract

Today's world is on the verge of antibiotic pollution by humans, veterinary therapeutics polluting our water body, and on account of the scarcity in advanced water treatment techniques in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is of enormous importance to have an insight into various kinds of antibiotics and their attributes. The primary aspects of antimicrobial resistance caused by antibiotic pollution in the environment have been briefly enlightened. Here the nature and occurrence of antibiotics accumulation in the environment and a world pollution scenario have been illustrated. Adsorption and photocatalysis are the most standard techniques used for remediation. The well‐known nano photocatalyst heterostructure materials Titanium dioxide (TiO2), bismuth (Bi) materials are also utilized as the main frame materials for the composites and heterostructures. Alternatively, the porous carbon‐based materials and metal‐organic framework (MOF) materialsare entitled to their excellent adsorption capability. This review portrays comprehensive insight into the advances and breakthroughs made so far by different heterostructures and nanocomposite materials for antibiotics removal and provides a road map to future researchers towards a more efficient water treatment system.

MOF‐Heterostructure‐Mediated pH‐Responsive Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: A Step towards Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment

“…This drug has been used mainly for treating pediatric infections [5] . The extensive usage of ciprofloxacin is defecated in various incomplete metabolic form from human and animal discharge [6] . However, these antibiotic residual accumulates in the ground water and soil with time and can be very toxic for the aquatic life and human kind [7] .…”

“…[5] The extensive usage of ciprofloxacin is defecated in various incomplete metabolic form from human and animal discharge. [6] However, these antibiotic residual accumulates in the ground water and soil with time and can be very toxic for the aquatic life and human kind. [7] CIP concentrations in surface and ground water have been observed to vary from ng to mg L À 1 .…”

Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Materials for Adsorptive and Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal

“…The excess presence of pharmaceuticals in water is emerging contamination, and antibiotics are one of the most common treatment groups. Antibiotics refer to metabolites produced by microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes that impede the growth and reproduction of other microbes [8,9]. Antibiotics are extensively used in aquaculture and human/animal therapies, resulting in a direct discharge of antibiotic residue into water sources, causing pollution problems [10].…”